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1、辦公樓畢業設計英文翻譯（外文翻譯）原文：The future of the tall buildingAnd structure of buildings Zoning effects on the density of tall buildings and solar design may raise ethical challenge. A combined project of old and new buildings may bring back human scale to our cities. Owners and conceptual designers will be ch2、allenged in the 1980s to produce economically sound, people-oriented buildings.In 1980 the Level House, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merril1 (SOM) received the 25-year award from the American Institute of Architects “in recognition of architectural design of enduring significance”. This award is3、 given once a year for a building between 25and 35 years old .Lewis Mumford described the Lever House as “the first office building in which modern materials, modern construction, modern functions have been combined with a modern plan”. At the time, this daring concept could only be achieved by visi4、onary men like Gordon Bunshaft , the designer , and Charles Luckman , the owner and then-president of Lever Brothers . The project also included a few “first” : (1) it was the first sealed glass tower ever built ; (2) it was the first office building designed by SOM ;and (3) it was the first office 5、building on Park Avenue to omit retail space on the first floor. Today, after hundreds of look-alike and variations on the grid design, we have reached what may be the epitome of tall building design: the nondescript building. Except for a few recently completed buildings that seem to be people-orie6、nted in their lower floors, most tall buildings seem to be a repletion of the dull, graph-paper-like monoliths in many of our cities. Can this be the end of the design-line for tall buildings? Probably not. There are definite signs that are most encouraging. Architects and owners have recently begun7、 to discuss the design problem publicly. Perhaps we are at the threshold of a new era. The 1980s may bring forth some new visionaries like Bunshaft and Luckman. If so, what kinds of restrictions or challenges do they face?譯文：高層建筑展望及建筑結構 區域規劃對高層建筑物的密度和對自然采光設計可能引起道德問題將產生影響。能源的有限性將繼續成為建筑設計面臨的獨特挑戰。新老建筑的8、結合將會給我們的城市帶來人情味。要設計建造出經濟實用，以人為本的建筑物，將會是業主和概念設計師在20世紀80年代面臨的挑戰。1980年欲斯柯摩爾、奧英斯和米瑞爾（SOM）設計的萊弗公寓獲得了美國建筑師協會授予的25年獎“以獎勵具有深遠意義的優秀建筑設計”。這響獎每年授予一座房齡在2535年之間的建筑物。用劉易斯.芒福德的話來說萊弗公寓是“第一座集現代材料、現代施工、現代功能與現代設計方案為一體的辦公樓”。在當時，這樣大膽的構思只有像設計師戈登.邦沙福特和業主萊弗兄弟公司當時的總裁查爾斯.盧克曼那樣富于幻想的人才能創造出來了。而且，這項工程包含了幾個”第一”：（1）它是第一座全封閉的玻璃大廈；（9、2）它是SOM三人合作設計的第一棟辦公樓；（3）它是公園大街第一座一層樓不設零售商場的辦公樓。今天，經過眾多外觀相似而柱網變化的設計，我們已難以對建筑物進行歸類，這也許是高層建筑設計的縮影。除了最近竣工的幾棟低層樓房似乎比較怡人外，在我們的許多城市中，多數高層建筑物看上去就像圖表上的柱標，好似一塊塊單調而又笨拙的巨石。難道這就是高層建筑設計行業的終點嗎？也許不是。有跡象表明其發展是非常令人鼓舞的。建筑師和業主最近已開始公開討論設計問題。也許我們正處在一個新時代的開端，20世紀80年代也許會產生一些像邦沙福特和盧克曼那樣的幻想家。要是如此，他們會面臨什么樣的限制或挑戰呢？區域規劃 很顯然，城市可以限制高層建筑的密度，也就是減少每平方英里高層建筑的數量。1980年，“堵塞網”這個術語第一次在紐約市公開使用。它的出現在公眾心中引起恐慌。這個詞指的是城市中四面八方的街區同時出現的交通停滯不動的現象，堵塞甚至一直延伸到隧道里和高架橋上。奇怪的是，這種事情竟然發生在紐約燃料短缺、油價高漲的年份。很顯然，要想避免類似情況的出現，就必須大幅度地降低人口、降低活動場所油價車輛的密度。區域規劃也許是唯一長遠的解決方法。