1、REPORTAuthors:Dean Ramsay,Principal Analyst Rahul Gupta,Senior AnalystEditor:Ian Kemp,Managing EditorSPONSORED BY:November 2022|inform.tmforum.org5Gcore:exploring CSPapproachescontentssection 2:new service streams from standalone 5Gsection 1:migration paths and potential business strategiesthe big p

2、icture110503additional features&resources23section 4:a technical overview defining the 5G Core networksection 3:early CSP adopters of 5G Core181521section 5:make it happen steps to 5G Core network deployment2inform.tmforum.orgthe big picture5G was originally ushered into existence in the guise of th

3、e non-standalone version of the fifth wave of wireless radio communications technology.5G radio access networks(5G RAN)saw the introduction of new radio transmission technology,the licensing of new higher-frequency bands in the electromagnetic spectrum,and the introduction of new hardware technology

4、 such as massive MIMO antennas to improve spectrum efficiency and performance.This phased approach to 5G was a necessity born of the fact that 5G Core(5GC)network functionality was still being defined.However,the concept of introducing 5G network slicing had already set the seeds of expectation as a

5、 route to new revenue opportunities:network slicing,it was argued,could catalyze extensive business diversification.And as our recent report Telco revenue growth:taking it to the next level shows,core connectivity business for CSPs has not seen significant growth for more than a decade,making servic

6、e models beyond simply connectivity imperative.But CSPs face some significant challenges when transitioning to 5GC.These range from the technical complexity of developing cloud-native infrastructure and implementing the 5G Core,to having sufficient 5G RAN coverage and the availability of 5G standalo

7、ne-capable devices.Operators also will need to differentiate their services and target them to potential customers.Early indications show that the first wave of new revenue-generating 5G SA-specific services will include:Industrial automation sensor networks and connected machinery in factories,usin

8、g network slices to ensure specific connectivity characteristics to control and optimize industrial operations.Smart city applications for example,smart city lighting that can reduce both the power cost and the carbon footprint of a city by dynamically managing assets in real time.Emergency services

9、 dedicated slices for emergency services that guarantee quality of service when responding to emergency calls.5G Core networks operating in 5G standalone(5G SA)mode without the need for 4G have been the ultimate goal of communications service providers(CSPs)for a long time now.Software-based and clo

10、ud-native network functions promised a new generation of B2B and B2C services,delivering agility and scalability as well as new,diverse revenue streams.But the transition to 5G Core has been slow in coming.3inform.tmforum.orgConnectivity business for CSPs has not seen significant growth for more tha

11、n a decade.4the big pictureinform.tmforum.org Consumer entertainment services cloud gamers can access a console-like experience on a smartphone or tablet by moving the compute function into the network edge and communicating with that edge cloud through a low latency 5G network slice.This use case m

12、ay gain additional traction with the introduction of metaverse scenarios.5GC deployment statusFor this report we carried out a survey of 138 CSP network decision-makers worldwide,looking at their attitudes to 5GC deployment and what impact they think 5G standalone will have on the industry.Our openi

13、ng question was simply:“What is the status of your 5G Core network deployment?”Perhaps surprisingly,around one fifth(19%)of respondents said they had already deployed their 5G Core,while 32%said that they had not deployed 5G in either the Core or the RAN.We estimate that currently around 150 CSPs wo

14、rldwide are actively investing in 5G SA technology,which represents about 85%of the industry by revenues.Read this report to understand:Migration paths to 5G Core networks and potential business strategies Market drivers for 5GC Some early operator adopters The technological advantages of 5GC Simple

15、 steps to make 5GC strategies happen.In the next section we start by looking at the possible migration paths towards 5G Core networks as well as business strategies.TM Forum,202232%14%17%18%19%We have not deployed 5G either in the core or the RANWe have deployed 5G RAN but are still deciding how to

16、approach 5G coreWe have deployed 5G RAN and expect to launch a new 5G core within the next 12-24 monthsWe have deployed 5G RAN and will launch our 5G core within the next 12 monthsWe have already deployed our 5G coreWhat is the status of your5G Core network deployment?5section 1:migration paths and

17、potential business strategiesinform.tmforum.org5G Core(5GC)network functions are entirely software-based and cloud-native,so they are agnostic to the underlying cloud infrastructure,allowing agility,flexibility and scalability.When they are connected to 5G RAN,software-defined network(SDN)transport

18、domains and a modernized IT environment above in operating and business support systems(OSS/BSS),5GC forms the heart of a standalone 5G ecosystem.This ecosystem will be capable of providing the next generation of B2B and B2C service models that 5G has promised for a decade(more on the technological

19、advantages in section 4).The migration path from technologies such as evolved packet core(EPC)that powers 4G LTE networks to 5G Core is a complex one,both from a technology and a commercial point of view.CSPs have been investing in EPC over the past decade to the tune of hundreds of billions of doll

20、ars and now have a responsibility to realize full return on investment.As 4G and 5G technologies will coexist for many years,a common experimental path for some CSPs is to build a 5G Core network in isolation from the EPC and essentially run two networks in parallel.But this has obvious cost,Differe

21、nt business requirements demand their own unique approaches to adopting 5G.Implementing next-generation networks involves significant architectural upgrades in the radio access network(RAN)as well as in the core.5G non-standalone deployment which makes use of existing 4G infrastructure is currently

22、the most viable option for many operators,helping them to minimize capex and rapidly launch new services.But slowly,5G standalone(5G SA)deployment is helping communications service providers(CSPs)realize true next-generation potential,enabling key 5G use cases such as enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB)

23、,massive IoT and augmented/virtual reality.5G non-standalone deployment which makes use of existing 4G infrastructure is currently the most viable option for many operators.6section 1:migration paths and potential business strategiesstaffing and operational implications.Ericsson has developed a prag

24、matic solution to this issue with a dual-mode,multi-access 5GC which can interface with existing 4G core networks and bring cloud benefits.This dual-mode cloud-native core then allows an incremental service migration route for CSPs when they start phasing out some of the legacy network.Samsung and H

25、PE provide similar dual-mode 4G/5G migration paths.Indeed,all the major vendors can provide a bridge from older/existing networks.Nokia,for example,says its commercial cloud-native mobile core supports 5G SA and 5G non-standalone,plus 4G,2G/3G,unlicensed wireless and fixed access.In our survey we as

26、ked the question:“Do you plan to run your other access networks on your new 5G Core?”The predominant answer,from some 40%of respondents,shows that many are still in the early stages of transition:“We will not decide our migration strategy until our new 5G Core is up and running.”But for respondents

27、that have started to make migration decisions,the intention is to tentatively move some functions,with only some existing 5G non-standalone functions immediately migrated.A quarter,meanwhile,do not intend to migrate 4G operations and will simply run 5G in parallel.We think these attitudes will chang

28、e over the coming 2-3 years as 5GC deployments mature and the potential benefits start to outweigh the desire to sweat EPC assets.inform.tmforum.orgTM Forum,202216%30%24%12%40%All existing 5G NSA core functions will be immediately migratedOnly some existing 5G NSA core functions will be immediately

29、migratedWe will not migrate,we will run our 5G core in parallelWe plan to migrate all our fixed and mobile networks onto our 5G coreWe will not decide our migration strategy until our new 5G core is up and runningDo you plan to run your other access networkson your new 5G Core(tick all that apply)?7

30、section 1:migration paths and potential business strategiesinform.tmforum.orgWhat are the main drivers in your organizationfor the push towards cloud-native networks?TM Forum,2022Greater flexibility and agility(for example to launch new functions and capabilities)Lower costs(capex and opex)Deliverin

31、g a better experience to our customersBetter/easier integration with customer and partner IT systemsWorking with innovative new vendors20%44%36%12%34%54%5%5%8%19%14%32%76%81%60%Important driverModerately important driverNot really a driverMarket driversOur survey also asked:“What are the main driver

32、s in your organization for the push towards cloud-native networks?”The results show that the most important drivers are greater flexibility and agility and delivering a better experience to customers.Interestingly,respondents tended towards options relating to new business opportunities rather than

33、the usual cost-cutting and operational efficiency responses that new network technologies often elicit.This reflects the desire to make radical changes to fundamental operational models in the coming decade to drive revenue growth,service innovation and a digital-first experience that parallels digi

34、tal-native organizations.To commercialize the 5G Core,CSPs are pursuing innovative changes that transform the network into a service platform that can easily scale from small to large capacity by introducing cloud-native design principles and IT-based development methodologies.5G Core uses a cloud-n

35、ative architecture to modularize network functions in order to easily port them to any environment by making full use of containers and open source technologies.As a result,5G Core functions are quickly created,deployed and scaled using automated lifecycle management.Monetizing B2B services Enterpri

36、se services,beyond connectivity,are a significant opportunity for operators to grow their revenues.This drives the network to provide services based on the needs of the application such as low latency,high The main drivers towards cloud-native networks are greater flexibility and agility and deliver

37、ing a better experience to customers.8section 1:migration paths and potential business strategiesinform.tmforum.org43%47%10%43%44%13%42%46%12%48%37%15%33%55%12%What are the main challenges toadopting cloud-native networks?TM Forum,2022CostImmaturity of technology/lack of standardsLack of a strong bu

38、siness caseRecruiting internal(cloud software and AI)skillsAvailability and quality of dataModerately important challenge Major challenge Minor challenge throughput,local compute and monitoring and network insights and which are inherent in the 5G Core.In turn,this helps operators compete with over-

39、the-top(OTT)players that have successfully monetized high-value traffic in earlier generations.Indeed,B2B services are essential to the 5G business case,but CSPs must prioritize the most attractive scenarios.Some of these high-growth,5G-enabled services are consumer-focused,such as enhanced cloud ga

40、ming or media streaming.But the real potential lies in the B2B segment where there is rising demand for high-quality mobile connectivity to support critical processes and underpin digital transformations.Enabling advanced B2B services will allow enterprises to accelerate their digital transformation

41、 within frameworks such as Industry 4.0.Some CSPs are already beginning to deploy such services and are reporting a positive impact.For example,China Mobile deployed a 5G Core in 2020 and according to Analysys Mason had developed 470 5G private network projects covering 100+application scenarios mor

42、e than a year ago.For example,the operator is using a 5G and multi-access edge computing(MEC)solution to enhance efficiency in manufacturing,emergency response,smart utilities and other vertical businesses.Indeed,China leads the way when it comes to 5G SA networks with a 5G Core.The 5G Core does not

43、 just deliver higher data rates than its predecessors,but it also supports a wide variety of other capabilities.These include ultra-9section 1:migration paths and potential business strategiesinform.tmforum.orglow latency,critical availability,enhanced security and support for massive numbers of sen

44、sors and devices.A single 5G network can be implemented to optimize any combination of these capabilities,according to the requirements of different use cases.This enables the network to support a wide diversity of applications,including mission-critical functions for enterprises.The 5G Core is mult

45、i-access,which means it can provide intelligent management of many connectivity types for example,many enterprise applications may use specific network technology designed for machine-to-machine and IoT connections,such as low-power wireless technology LTE-M,as well as 5G and 4G.More importantly,the

46、 5G Core is implemented as microservices,which allow network resources to be scaled up and down on-demand to suit the needs of individual services or users and enable CSPs to create virtual slices of the network,optimized for the needs of a particular sector,enterprise or use case.However,it is impr

47、actical for CSPs to support every possible 5G capability and service from day one.That may be technically possible because of the flexibility of the 5G Core,but each industry and scenario will also require investment in new channels to market,delivery and management frameworks,as well as ecosystem p

48、artners.Moreover,using cloud-native technology extensively in networks is still a new concept,and this requires a huge reskilling or upskilling within operators,something that has perhaps been underestimated.When we asked in our survey what are the major challenges to adopting cloud-native networks(

49、see chart on p.8),48%of respondents said recruiting internal(cloud software and AI)skills.This compares to 43%who said cost and immaturity of technology/lack of standards;and 42%lack of a strong business case.TM Forum,202261%6%33%We are buying or plan to buy from one of our legacy network equipment

50、vendorsWe will partnerwith new vendorsWe have not madeany decision yetWhich vendors/approach do you expectto take to your 5G Core network deployment?The 5G Core is implemented as microservices,which allow network resources to be scaled up and down on-demand to suit the needs of individual services o

51、r users.10section 1:migration paths and potential business strategiesinform.tmforum.orgHyperscaler partnershipsTo realize 5Gs full potential to offer new customer experiences,CSPs are considering the deployment of their 5G Core networks on private,public and hybrid clouds.The overwhelming majority o

52、f early deployments,however,are still on private cloud infrastructure.But opting for public or hybrid models and working with hyperscalers could have several advantages.Firstly,CSPs can transfer the complexity of providing cloud services to the hyperscaler,which already has the necessary cloud exper

53、tise,infrastructure and systems in place.That also avoids the immediate need to reskill/upskill internal staff.Faster time-to-market and improved operations efficiency can be achieved by taking advantage of hyperscaler-trained staff and existing continuous improvement/continuous development(CI/CD),D

54、evOps,automation and analytics capabilities.CSPs can then focus on service differentiation,rather than the underlying cloud platforms.Apps and services can be launched quickly with subsequent optimization of traffic and costs across private and public clouds.Partnerships with hyperscalers also incre

55、ase the chances of jointly winning deals with large enterprises.And CSPs gain edge cloud uniformity on a global scale to support multinational enterprises business processes regardless of location.However,partnerships with hyperscalers can relegate CSPs to the role of connectivity provider and limit

56、 the chance to monetize new lines of business.So its imperative for CSPs to study the opportunities,risks and design principles by running their own business case to analyze the deployment and operation of 5G standalone Core on private versus public or hybrid clouds.In our survey we asked which vend

57、ors/approach CSPs expect to take to their 5G Core network deployment.The overwhelming majority(61%)said they are buying or plan to buy from legacy network equipment vendors,while just 6%said they will partner with new vendors(see chart).In the next section we look at the possibility of new service s

58、treams from 5GC.11section 2:new service streams from standalone 5Ginform.tmforum.orgThe industries in which CSPs have most commonly launched commercial 5G SA use cases include media and entertainment,smart cities,automotive,retail and healthcare.In many cases,CSPs are first extending mobile broadban

59、d capabilities to these B2B segments,and then planning to offer a greater diversity of use cases to enterprises when they have implemented the 5G Core and enabled features such as ultra-low latency.One much discussed benefit of deploying 5G Core is the ability to deliver network slicing for enterpri

60、ses in order to meet specific use cases.But how far along the way to delivering such services are CSPs?We asked participants in our survey how they expected to deploy network slicing(see chart on p.12).The majority said it was too early to say,but one third confirmed that they intend to offer dedica

61、ted slices to individual enterprises based on their specific requirements,while another quarter expect to launch limited slices to different groups of customers.This tallies with the anecdotal information we have heard recently in briefings that there will be a proliferation of slices and that the o

62、ne-size-fits-all approach does not meet the demands of their enterprise customers.But there are other potential benefits,including around opex savings and network efficiency.One European operator said that in the first instance it is looking to deploy 5GC to begin to challenge capacity planning prob

63、lems in the core networks of various lines of business.It had reached a point where it was building a capacity overhead of around 20%into the network to allow for spikes in traffic caused by services for live events like football matches.The operator estimated that this overhead was costing it aroun

64、d 1 billion per year to maintain,so it was looking to 5GC to bring cloud scalability to its core network and have the available capacity track much more closely with demand at different points in the calendar.The same deployment drive will likely see a series of operational efficiency benefits as th

65、e 5GC rollout continues.Another benefit could come in service operations.The ability to have an end-to-end view through service and network operations has long been desired by CSPs,but not essential to delivering high-quality services.The advent of network slicing changes this balance,with much of t

66、he SLA management information being defined and stored in the business support system(BSS).Because 5GC forms the final piece of the 5G puzzle for many operators,they will inevitably give careful consideration to what are the immediate and long-term benefits of 5G SA operations.As we have seen,our su

67、rvey shows that many CSPs say they are in the process of either scoping their 5GC strategy and procurement plan or are already deploying 5GC,but there are currently very few commercial 5G SA offerings.One European operator is looking to deploy 5GC to begin to challenge capacity planning problems in

68、the core networks of various lines of business.12section 2:new service streams from standalone 5GNew businessIn our survey we asked what are CSPs operational support system(OSS)priorities when it comes to future cloud networks.Service assurance and service orchestration led the way as absolute prior

69、ities followed by network inventory and network planning and optimization(see chart on p.13).Accurate assurance and orchestration are imperative for slice management,for defining slice characteristics against SLA records which are kept in the BSS.End-to-end orchestration capabilities are needed to e

70、nsure the right operational assets are fulfilled to activate the slice.From a network planning and optimization point of view,data gleaned from the network on usage and slice activity can better inform the planning of capacity across all relevant network domains.In an industry with a history of serv

71、ice innovation there have been very few truly new sources of significant revenue for a number of years.New service models are often successive,replacing and cannibalizing the revenue stream from a previous generation of technologies.In some cases,CSPs have even replaced high ARPU services such as B2

72、B MPLS with lower ARPU,more advanced services like software-defined wide area networking(SD-WAN).Nevertheless,CSPs still hope there will be significant revenue potential through delivering network slicing.One recent report by Arthur D.Little and Ericsson estimates global revenues from network slicin

73、g will reach$200 billion in 2030(see pie chart on p.13).The report highlights five parts in the overall value chain:devices;network deployment and provisioning;network management and operations;application platform provisioning;and applications and monetization.CSPs traditionally occupy the network

74、sections of this value chain,but Arthur D.Little and Ericsson say there is potential to capture 43%more revenues from the other parts by,for example,reselling devices,provisioning platforms and providing security and data monetization.The prospect of 5G network slicing has been much hyped because of

75、 its expected ability to foster a new wave of service model innovation among enterprises.The drone swarms at the opening ceremony of the Tokyo Olympics that formed LED light patterns,for example,could not have been achieved using LTE because it could not provide Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communicat

76、ion(URLLC)and Massive Machine Type Communication(mMTC)characteristics(more about this in section 4).It was,of course,a showcase for 5G in one of the worlds biggest sporting events,but it is an example of technology that could ultimately be used beyond inform.tmforum.orgTM Forum,202232%24%44%We expec

77、t to ofer dedicated slices to individual enterprises based on their specific requirementsWe expect to launch a limited number of slices for diferent groups of customersIts too early to sayHow do you expect to deploy network slicing?13section 2:new service streams from standalone 5Ginform.tmforum.org

78、What are your OSS priorities?TM Forum,2022AI-enabled data analyticsService assuranceService orchestrationOrder management and fulfilmentProduct/service/asset catalogs5%47%48%9%44%47%4%15%2%31%45%28%65%40%70%2%4%42%45%56%51%Network inventoryNetwork planning and optimizationThis is importantThis is an

79、 absolute priorityThis is not a priorityentertainment in services industries.Some of these we have already outlined in the big picture section,such as industrial/factory automation,smart city applications and emergency services.But there could also be opportunities in areas such as drones for health

80、care and retail;wireless monitoring and analytics for agriculture/farming;a range of services for autonomous/connected cars;education;and remote healthcare.In the next section we look at some of the early CSP adopters of 5GC.Network slicing market by industry,2030TM Forum,2022(source:Ericsson,Arthur

81、 D.Little)US$200 billionHealthcareGovernmentTransportationEnergy and utilitiesManufacturingMedia and entertainmentFinancial servicesRetailAgriculture17%21%15%14%12%11%6%3%2%14section 2:new service streams from standalone 5Ginform.tmforum.orgTM Forum has several Catalyst projects designed to showcase

82、 5G network slicing.Intelligent edge for sustainable agriculture aims to evolve a scalable blueprint to efficiently deliver 5G network slicing and MEC orchestration tailored to specific use cases,including smart weeding and smart irrigation.The Catalyst shows how to deliver AI,IoT,robotics and low l

83、atency connectivity services at scale to deliver sustainable smart agriculture solutions.Catalyst champions Telus and Verizon worked with CloudBlue,Epam,Etiya and RedHat on the project centered around the theme of how to establish food security,one of the objectives of the United Nations Sustainable

84、 Development Goals for 2030.It leveraged the capabilities of the TM Forum Open Digital Framework and Open APIs and was showcased at DTW2022 in Copenhagen.Watch the videoAnother Catalyst,Automated sales platform for network slices Phase II,focuses on how CSPs can serve large B2B organizations with gl

85、obally scalable products enabled by 5G network slicing and SD WAN for instance,enabling smart manufacturers to provide remote assistance to factories,or automotive companies to give real-time assistance to connected cars.It uses TM Forum Open APIs to develop an automated platform for the cataloging,

86、configuration and fulfillment of virtual telecoms products,to support vendors with IT integration and automation.The project was championed by Deutsche Telekom using solutions from IBM,SAP and ServiceNow.Watch the videoA third Catalyst,Modernizing 5G service delivery,focuses on the integration of mo

87、bile networks with cloud and internet transport technologies to enable low latency services such as MEC and 5G network slicing.The Catalyst looks at using SRv6 mobile user plane architecture as a plugin to 5G to allow traffic to be forwarded flexibly to the mobile network.It bridges the gap between

88、mobile architectures and native internet and cloud technologies to help establish a simple,cost-effective solution to high-speed connectivity within the core network.The solution,delivered by Softbank,Elisa and Arrcus,aims to demonstrate an optimal path to an application running on a MEC server with

89、 a 5G Core,without making any changes to the 5G Core architecture.Watch the videoTM Forum Catalyst projects showcase 5G Core and slicing15section 3:early CSP adopters of 5G Coreinform.tmforum.orgAT&T is unusual in developing its 5G SA Core in the public cloud,in partnership with Microsoft,following

90、the latters acquisition of AT&Ts Network Cloud operations.In 2021 AT&T announced that it would evolve Microsofts hybrid cloud technology to support its 5G Core network workloads.This evolution involves introducing both hybrid infrastructure and software,building scalable elastic carrier-grade networ

91、ks,and using AI and machine learning to build self-optimizing networks that can heal and provision themselves.AT&T is currently in the process of distributing and testing 5G Core services across the US,and says it will turn to commercial activation when the devices and ecosystems are ready.The opera

92、tor says its 5G SA network cores and software-defined network capabilities will be located in its data centers close to cross-connect facilities with connections to public cloud providers.“Were taking the AT&T Network Cloud technology,building it into Microsofts standard hybrid cloud product,and the

93、n delivering a carrier-grade hybrid cloud solution back to the market and AT&T itself,where it can run at AT&T on-premises or on Azure public cloud,”said Microsofts Shawn Haki,VP of 5G Strategy,Azure for Operators,in a blog earlier this year.Deutsche Telekom in September announced the deployment of

94、Mavenirs cloud-native 5G Core in Germany.As part of the deployment process,Mavenirs converged packet core was integrated with Deutsche Telekoms multivendor access network and other system components,and the operator plans to integrate its existing 4G/5G core networks with the new 5G Core.The cloud-n

95、ative,fully containerized solution is based on stateless microservices architecture and will provide network slicing.In February While few commercial services are available yet,some CSPs are driving faster towards 5G SA.Pioneering any new technology like this has obvious risks,but the first to marke

96、t advantage for these companies is potentially transformative.Here we look at some examples of CSPs progress with 5GC investments and deployments.All are at different stages of their 5G Core development;this is a snapshot of some operators progress and is not intended as a definitive overview of the

97、 market.16section 3:early CSP adopters of 5G CoreDeutsche Telekom and Ericsson demonstrated global,end-to-end 5G network slicing for latency-critical enterprise applications with guaranteed QoS.The trial included SD-WAN and end-to-end service orchestration,and was based on Ericsson 5G SA radio and C

98、ore network infrastructure.DISH Wireless is one of the few mobile operators in the world building a cloud-native standalone 5G network from scratch.DISHs 5G SA network is based on Open RAN technology,and as well as delivering consumer services the operator expects to target the B2B market with 5G ne

99、twork slicing,assigning virtualized,dedicated networks to different functions and services for enterprises.The operator is building APIs into its network that will give enterprise users the opportunity to create their own network experiences based on a wide variety of factors ranging from speed to l

100、atency.DISH,which is partnering with Amazon Web Services(AWS)for public cloud services,will use its cloud-based network to automate deployment of 5G network slices.It will use its 5G Core Service-Based Architecture(SBA)to provide enterprises with more control of their software and services to take a

101、dvantage of individual network slices(see section 4 for more on SBA).DISH has deployed Nokias 5G standalone technology for its core network.The 5G Core is cloud native and runs on containers.The Nokia software includes subscriber data management,device management,packet core,voice and data core,as w

102、ell as integration services.The Nokia software works in conjunction with VMwares containerized cloud platform.This allows DISH to connect distributed telco clouds as well as other public and private cloud environments.One of its approaches will be to provide spectrum,network management and a dedicat

103、ed network slice on its macro network.In our extensive report on DISH,its Chief Network Officer,Marc Rouanne,told us:“I think enterprises are going to discover that the complexity of managing slices is way beyond what they can do.Its a bit like the cloud.A lot of people say,well,Im going to do my ow

104、n cloud,but over time they dont feel that its their business.”Read the full report on DISH Wireless 5G SA strategyElisa struck a deal with Ericsson two years ago to build a network in Finland spanning 5G Core and 5G RAN,using the vendors dual-mode 5G Core solution.The agreement included both 5G non-

105、standalone and 5G SA products and technologies.The companies said the deal would help drive Elisas digitalization,IoT and Industry 4.0 ambitions in the country.Elisa also has deals with Nokia to provide 5G RAN/Core network technologies in the Baltic region.In 2021 Orange launched a research program

106、into 5G standalone networks which it named Pikeo.Its aim was to develop and test a cloud-oriented,open API-based,automated,multivendor 5G SA network driven by AI.Pikeo is based on Open RAN technology.Network functions are developed as microservices deployed in cloud infrastructures in containers orc

107、hestrated by Kubernetes.Pikeo is designed to manage and run itself as much as possible by using data and AI,creating a blueprint for zero-touch operations.“Our ambition is to prepare Orange for the operator of the future by building more resilient and auto-adaptive networks that offer best-in-class

108、quality of service in each situation,”said Michal Trabbia,Oranges Chief Technology and Innovation Officer at the launch of Pikeo.“This experimental network represents an important milestone on our way to implement and deploy Open RAN and AI technologies to prepare on-demand connectivity and zero-tou

109、ch operator capabilities.”Orange has said that it aims to deploy 5G SA networks in most of its European markets from 2023.In February this year the operator announced that it has chosen Ericsson and Nokia for 5G SA Core network development in Europe:Ericsson in Belgium,Spain,Luxembourg and Poland;No

110、kia in France and Slovakia,as well as its subscriber data management for all countries.In addition it has selected Oracle for 5G Core signalling and routing in all countries.inform.tmforum.org17section 3:early CSP adopters of 5G CoreTelenor worked with Amazon Web Services(AWS)to implement a mobile 5

111、G Core,running in the cloud,for Vimla,the operators MVNO brand in Sweden.Running on AWS,Vimlas mobile core is scalable,programmable and employs self-service APIs.In 2021 Telenor built a multivendor,cloud-native 5G SA network using technologies from companies including RedHat,Casa,Kaloom,Oracle and H

112、uawei.Then earlier this year Telenor signed a new agreement with AWS to expand its 5G Core transformation.As part of the agreement,Telenor and AWS will target select industries including manufacturing,supply chain and logistics,and automotive to enable 5G and edge services for customers.For example,

113、it has enabled a“network on wheels(NOW)”prototype that enables customers to set up autonomous private 5G networks wherever needed.The NOW prototype is currently being used by the Norwegian Defense Materiel Agency and the Norwegian Public Service broadcaster Norsk Rikskringkasting for critical commun

114、ications and remote production respectively.In May 2020,Telstra upgraded its 5G RAN coverage across Australia,connecting a cloud-native 5G Core network to handle new 5G standalone traffic.In January this year,the operator announced the deployment of Ericssons Private 5G,an on-premises dedicated 5G n

115、etwork for businesses which uses a single-server,dual-mode 5G Core.The Core facilitates both LTE and 5G SA simultaneously to offer a wireless connectivity platform for enterprises.The solution is geared towards challenging regional locations in Australia,such as remote farming or a manufacturing bus

116、iness that wants to use the latest advancements in video analytics and IoT connectivity.Then later this year Telstra forged a new partnership with Ericsson to launch fully automated commercial 5G network slicing service orchestration.Together they aim to use the 5G RAN and dual-mode 5G Core to provi

117、de enterprise customers with new,differentiated services with network characteristics including high throughput,low latency and resilience.T-Mobile claimed to be the first operator in the world to launch a nationwide 5G standalone network in 2020,although true core services have been limited to date

118、.The operator partnered with Cisco and Nokia to build its 5G Core,and Ericsson and Nokia for state-of-the-art 5G radio infrastructure.Earlier this year it announced the launch of 5G Advanced Network Solutions for enterprises,delivering 5G MEC and ultra-low latency services,using Ericssons 5G RAN and

119、 Core equipment.And in June it announced the launch of commercial voice over 5G(VoNR or Voice over New Radio)services in limited areas of the US,using Samsung Galaxy S21 5G smartphones.Verizon began moving commercial traffic onto its new cloud-native,containerized 5G Core network in October.The Veri

120、zon Cloud Platform(VCP)on which the 5G Core is built is a distributed platform that supports edge services,private cloud services,Network Functions Virtualization tools and cloud-native functions.It also provides web applications,mapping and spatial analysis tools,orchestration tools,service assuran

121、ce tools,auto-remediation and compute offerings.The 5G SA Cores cloud-native virtualized applications,combined with built-in AI and machine learning,will enable dynamic allocation of resources through network slicing.Verizon says the new 5G Core will provide other benefits,including:real-time resour

122、ce management of RAN and Core virtual container-based network functions;advanced analytics of network data to improve network performance;optimized services between Verizons fixed and mobile networks;scalable architectures;and the ability to move workloads to fit use case requirements.“With a critic

123、al number of customers now having devices that can access the advanced features of the 5G Core and the solutions and applications development especially for enterprise customers really taking off,now is the ideal time to move traffic onto the new Core,”said Adam Koeppe,Senior Vice President of Netwo

124、rk Technology,Strategy and Planning at Verizon,at the commercial launch.In the next section we look at some of the technology advancements that define the 5G Core.inform.tmforum.org18section 4:a technical overview defining the 5G Core networkinform.tmforum.orgDeploying 5G SA with the 5G Core serves

125、two key functions:it will play a crucial role in the upgrade of existing low-band LTE sites to New Radio(NR);and it will enable many new and advanced use cases.Further,Dynamic Spectrum Sharing(DSS)will enable operators to dynamically allocate their existing 4G LTE spectrum to 5G.It will help ease th

126、e network migration path,expand 5G coverage areas and enable widespread 5G roaming services.The 3GPP network architecture specifications for 5GC are designed to enable the whole 5G ecosystem to provide a series of incremental advancements over predecessor technologies.These include:Faster connectivi

127、ty speeds Ultra-low latency Higher data transfer rates Better network reliability and availability Increased network automation Aligning network capacity to demand Cloud elasticity and flexibility SDN programmability and orchestration.All of the above characteristics are designed to be key enablers

128、of the 5G use cases which are central to an operators ability to create new lines of business and which would have been commercially unviable in the 4G era:Enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB)Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication(URLLC)Massive Machine Type Communication(mMTC)Time-Critical Communicatio

129、n(TCC).If we look at the 5G Core(5GC)from a technological perspective,what are the developmental and architectural advancements that have made it such a technology leap for the telecoms industry?19section 4:a technical overview defining the 5G Core networkNew architecturesThe 5G Core is based on a S

130、ervice-Based Architecture (SBA),which implements an architectural style that focuses on discrete services delivered in a cloud-native model.Within an SBA,network functions(NF)are pieces of code defining a particular functional role within the network.These NFs offer one or more services to surroundi

131、ng NFs via an API.NFs are formed by a combination of smaller pieces of code called microservices.In this context microservices are modular,pre-approved and can even be re-used for different NFs,making implementation more effective and facilitating independent lifecycle management which allows upgrad

132、es and new functionalities to be deployed with zero impact on running services.The goal is to migrate from telecom-style protocol interfaces to web-based APIs.The 5G Core network based on the SBA is centered around services that can register themselves and subscribe to other services.This enables a

133、more flexible development of new services,as it becomes possible to connect to other components without introducing specific new interfaces.Control plane functionsA closer look at a couple of the architectural advancements illustrates their significance and hints at the radical new capabilities of t

134、his core network technology.The primary development for CSPs deploying 5GC compared to their existing evolved packet core(EPC)is that 5GCs control plane functions exist within a cloud-native SBA and have all the agility you would expect from a cloud-based environment.For example,one of the central 5

135、G NFs is the Network Repository Function(NRF),which acts as a central connection point for NFs,allowing them to do service registration and discovery.This function allows NFs to identify appropriate services in other NFs and make the appropriate interconnections.Because NRF is based around microserv

136、ices,the pre-approved,modular microservices are free from faults when put into production and are then a single source of truth for that function across the whole core network.This ensures scalable,agile functionality,with fault free operations around the control plane,which has been a main source o

137、f faults in previous generations of core networks.Streamlining dataThe network data analytics function(NWDAF)is an interesting aspect of the 5G story and one that kept coming up in our conversations with operators.It is designed to streamline the way that core network data is produced and consumed,b

138、y generating insights which can be used to take action to enhance operational efficiency and user experience.As such it is a native data analytics function whose benefits are not just limited to the core network and can influence the whole operational ecosystem.NWDAF enables network data to be extra

139、cted via an open API to be turned into insights.The data that is extracted forms the basis of much of the automation work going on in Autonomous Networks,in forming automated closed loops on local,network and application levels.Many IT functions in the stacks above the network,OSS systems like netwo

140、rk assurance and service assurance are very dependent on getting rich,consistent data from the network from which they can derive actionable insights.From that point of view,NWDAF is a game-changing aspect of the 5GC specification as it is an holistic service and network operations development.So th

141、e end-to-end automated process for fulfilling and activating a network slice can be informed by live network intelligence.NWDAF addresses three primary standardization points:Data collection interface from network nodes Predefined analytics insights Data exposure interface for consumers.Using NWDAF,

142、CSPs can use the data generated by the network to identify and fix problems,reduce latency,increase bandwidth and improve service quality by fine-tuning the network in real time.Future directions The next wave of 5G specifications is aimed at deepening the market impact of 5G SA and some specific us

143、e cases that CSPs have identified inform.tmforum.orgIndependent lifecycle management allows upgrades and new functionalities to be deployed with zero impact on running services.20section 4:a technical overview defining the 5G Core networkas mission critical or commercially promising.These all includ

144、e proposals for enhancement of the 5GC network going forward.Proximity-based services:direct mode device-to-device capability of the proximity-based service feature that is used in mission-critical services,for commercial applications like virtual reality interactive services 5G multicast-broadcast

145、services:the Multicast/Broadcast Multimedia Subsystem(MBMS)feature of 3G/4G for supporting multicast requirements/use cases for cellular IoT,public safety,vehicle-to-everything(V2X)and so on Network automation for 5G:NWDAF data can be used for enabling AI-related services Edge computing in 5G:the mo

146、bile edge computing technology for improving response times for real-time applications based on URLLC,V2X,AR/VR,satellite access and content delivery network use cases Support of non-public private networks:vertical LAN,which offered specific industry(vertical)solutions for companies/factories like

147、redundant transmissions and URLLC,to be available to mobile private networks Enhancement of network slicing:advancement of network slicing features Support of satellite access:architecture enhancements in the 5G Core for using satellite access in 5G.In the next section we look at some steps towards

148、5G Core network deployment.inform.tmforum.orgNWDAF is a game-changing aspect of the 5GC specification as it is an holistic service and network operations development.Align 5GC deployment strategy with business goalsThere is a case to be made for introducing new technology into network operations as

149、a matter of course.But in the coming decade the focus on cost structures demands that any large moves are aligned to return on investment,which requires a tight business goal objective plan for 5G SA.Consider the 5G RAN monetization effectIntroducing 5GC will have a positive effect on the investment

150、 figures around 5G New Radio and RAN.Higher ARPU service models can be exploited using those RAN assets,rather than just a supercharged version of consumer mobile.Think of 5GC as a component of future operationsIn terms of network technology,the move to 5G SA is the biggest transition since the digi

151、talization of networks from analog systems.If the commercial models in service innovation can catch up with that advancement,the coming years will see more prosperous telco balance sheets,but all the pieces must be in place to deliver on that.As we have seen,moving to a 5G Core is a complex process

152、both in terms of technology and business considerations.As a result,many operators are taking a cautious approach rather than making a leap,often taking a dual-mode approach or carrying out testing in certain markets.Here are some steps and considerations to help ease the way towards commercial offe

153、rings.21inform.tmforum.orgsection 5:make it happen steps to 5G Core network deployment22inform.tmforum.orgsection 6:make it happen steps to 5G Core network deploymentEstablish a migration strategyCSPs should have a plan for how they intend to deal with the coexistence of 4G and 5G network technologi

154、es.Features like a dual-mode,multi-access core will help to harmonize the transition.Maximize the potential of NWDAFThe network data analytics function that is part of the 5GC specifications is of utmost importance to many CSPs currently deploying 5GC.The use of this data up and down the operational

155、 stack will be a powerful tool in the drive towards autonomous networks.Use cloud networks to spearhead cost-saving initiatives A cloud core can help significantly with optimizing network investments,from both a planning and a dynamic fine-tuning point of view.25|5G SA deployment:Moving beyond eMBB3

156、0|TM Forum Open Digital Framework31|TM Forum research reports32|Meet the Research&Media team23inform.tmforum.orgadditional features&resources5G SA deployment:Moving beyond eMBB24inform.tmforum.orgSPONSORED FEATURE5G standalone(SA)deployments the road to new services and business models.An increasing

157、 number of progressive service providers in several markets are deploying 5G SA networks.More than 20 had launched public 5G SA networks on mid-and low-band by the end of 2021.1 This figure is expected to double during 2022 as more service providers deploy 5G New Radio(NR)SA and 5G Core networks.Chi

158、na and North America were the first markets in which 5G SA was launched,followed by commercial launches in several other markets,including Australia,Japan,South Korea,Singapore,Thailand,Germany and Finland.5G SA networks provide a substantial competitive advantage for service providers that leverage

159、 its full benefits and potential.5G SA mid-band(TDD)deployments with continuous coverage are important to deliver a consistent user experience for the new differentiated service offerings enabled by SA architectureRealizing 5Gs full potential The overwhelming majority of commercially launched 5G net

160、works are based on NR non-standalone(NSA)technology,using existing 4G radio access for signaling,and an Evolved Packet Core(EPC)network.However,many use cases for Critical IoT,enterprises and industrial automation will only be feasible with the 5G NR SA and 5G Core architecture.In 5G SA architecture

161、,automated end-to-end network slicing is simplified,with assured quality of service(QoS),security and Key insights Early deployment of 5G SA architecture provides a first-mover advantage for service providers with market-leading ambitions(frontrunners).The common key drivers for service providers to

162、 deploy 5G SA architecture are:sense of urgency to transform the network into a new service delivery machine as the foundation for creating new business opportunities for top-line revenue growth need to overcome learning-curve barriers related to new operating models,business strategies and service

163、innovation1GSA,January 2022flexibility,to multiple customer segments.The 5G SA core is a flexible and programmable platform,allowing services to be flexibly designed based on customers specific requirements.5G Core is built using cloud-native technologies which allow upgrades and new functionalities

164、 to be more cost-efficiently deployed,without impacting live services.The possibility to add new network functionalities,quickly scale capacity and run in-service software upgrades will make it possible for service providers to create and deploy new services for automated and customized connectivity

165、 in hours,rather than days or weeks.With 5G Core,service providers will be able to provide better network slicing and offer end-to-end service-level agreements(SLAs)to customers.Service exposure and traffic steering functionalities introduced in 5G Core will provide additional tools for service diff

166、erentiation.Edge computing support enables distribution of user plane functionality to break out traffic dynamically at the edge.The reduction in latency and increased service reliability leads to enhanced end-user service experience.5G SA device availability increasing 5G SA-compatible devices are

167、increasingly becoming available,accounting for over half of all announced 5G devices.China is moving fast towards 5G SA-only networks.In China,it has been mandatory for 5G devices to be SA-capable since early 2020,and since February 2021,both new and existing 5G devices are on“SA by default”.5G netw

168、ork traffic has increased due to continued 5G subscriber uptake,plus part of the traffic previously generated on the 4G network moving to 5G NR.The device ecosystem is also developing support for multiple network slices on commercial smartphones.End users can be provided with differentiated services

169、,for example,setting separate personal and work profiles,with one slice for generic mobile broadband traffic,another for services like gaming,and one or several slices for enterprise applications like video conferencing and collaboration.This functionality will only be supported in 5G SA architectur

170、e.The need for network and business transformation Consolidated feedback from service providers who have already commercially launched 5G SA networks highlights a set of business,network technology and operational drivers for their 5G SA is increasingly commercially deployed and trialed across marke

171、tsSource:Based on analysis by Ericsson of Ookla Speedtest Intelligence data for August 1st 2022 to October 30th 2022.Note:Samples include iOS and Android smartphones connecting to a 5G SA network.Sample density varies across markets,reflecting differences between markets with more extensive commerci

172、ally launched 5G SA or markets with mainly trials/tests.25inform.tmforum.orgSPONSORED FEATURE26inform.tmforum.orgSPONSORED FEATUREdeployments.A common driver is the sense of urgency to transform the network into a new service delivery machine as the foundation for creating new business opportunities

173、 for top-line revenue growth.Another driver mentioned is the importance of overcoming learning-curve barriers related to new operating models,business strategies and service innovation.Early deployment of 5G SA architecture provides a first-mover advantage for service providers with market-leading a

174、mbitions(frontrunners).Service providers that do not evolve as fast as their competitors risk falling behind during this significant transformation.Key drivers for service providers to deploy 5G SA Business drivers:ambition to be seen as a market leader opportunity to become a service creator,moving

175、 beyond being a connectivity provider address a wider range of potential business opportunities(enterprise,consumers,government and society)increase market share and address new customer segments and use cases for top-line growth speed up development of innovative services with 5G technology quickly

176、 validate new business opportunities in real-life scenarios enhance customer mobile broadband experience,such as faster network responsiveness due to less handover interruption time,lower latency and higher bitratesNetwork technology and operational drivers:introduce automated end-to-end network sli

177、cing,supporting high reliability and time-sensitive applications or those requiring guaranteed minimum bandwidth build a more powerful and programmable network for new use cases only possible with 5G SA support and accelerate enterprise transformation and industry digitalization to offer higher reli

178、ability for critical applications enable a mobile edge to support new industry and enterprise services enable rapid,easy integration between network and customer applications through network exposure greater speed and agility to bring new services to market reduce network complexity and operational

179、inefficiencies from running different core network architectures for 4G and 5G more efficient network managementSelection of 5G SA key benefitsExamples of other benefits include:enhanced security(advanced encryption and identity protection),simplified operations and service agility.27inform.tmforum.

180、orgSPONSORED FEATUREWith a vision to drive 5G-powered industry digitalization,Singtel launched Singapores first 5G SA trial network for enterprises in October 2020 deployed at its 5G Garage testing facility.In addition,Singtel is working with Singapores Advanced Remanufacturing and Technology Centre

181、(ARTC)and the JTC Corporation to develop and test advanced 5G-powered manufacturing solutions.Singtel was also selected by Govtech,the technology arm of the Singapore government,to provide a 5G test bed on the island of Sentosa for government agencies to test 5G use cases.In 2021,a total of 10 trial

182、s was started.To support rapid trial of use cases,Singtel and Ericsson launched the worlds first portable 5G platform,GENIE.Installed in under an hour,GENIE enables enterprises to experience 5Gs capabilities and trial use cases in their own premises.Singtel and Ericsson have also partnered with nine

183、 global industry partners to accelerate 5G adoption across multiple industries,as well as to develop and deploy advanced 5G solutions in Singapore.1 Going beyond connectivity,Singtel co-creates new 5G services and business models with global enterprises through its multi-access edge computing platfo

184、rm.The first telco in Asia-Pacific to demonstrate cross-region,multi-access edge computing(between SKT and Singtel through Bridge Alliance),2 Singtel today offers the most comprehensive 5G stack including infrastructure/network/platform-as-a-service with self-service and application programming inte

185、rface(API)integration capabilities.On the consumer front,Singtel continues to create and deliver new entertainment experiences for customers including Singapores first underwater 5G livestream of the S.E.A.Aquarium to UNBOXED and collaborations with the National Gallery Singapore and Esplanade Theat

186、res on the Bay to deliver cultural and art experiences over 5G,from the Singtel Special Exhibition Gallery and the Singtel Waterfront Theatre when it opens officially this year.Read the full case study Singtel 5G standalone nationwide|Transforming Singapores future with 5G28inform.tmforum.orgSPONSOR

187、ED FEATURECreating their own recipe for success If we were to imagine 5G network slicing as a dish,we could say that Far EasTone Telecommunications(FET),a giant of the Taiwanese telecommunications sector,and Ericsson have been cooking up one of the most popular meals in Taiwan:Xiaolongbao(soup dumpl

188、ings).But this dish has a special key ingredient one that can transform it from good to great:dipping sauce or in this case,user equipment route selection policy(URSP).In November 2021,FET and Ericsson demonstrated the industrys first 5G end-to-end multiple network slicing on multiple commercial And

189、roid devices that leveraged URSP functionalities.This trial showcased part of the functionality of the recently announced Ericsson Dynamic Network Slice Selection solution,marking a breakthrough in network slicing capabilities on a 5G standalone(SA)network and paving the way for further ecosystem de

190、velopment in this important area.Network slicing represents a new paradigm in building and operating networks,allowing unprecedented flexibility and speed in creating virtual networks on-demand.The end-to-end(E2E)network slicing capability coupled with the URSP pushes this paradigm one step further.

191、It provides communication service providers(CSPs)with a completely new degree of freedom and new opportunities within the network slicing technology domain creating additional value and monetization opportunities.With USRP and network slicing,a mobile device can now have access to multiple user equi

192、pment(UE)profiles.For example,a mobile device can be assigned one profile for their enterprise applications,and a different profile to support their consumer applications.With this capability,the end user can decide which profiles,or personalities they want to assign to their mobile device and choos

193、e which applications to assign to each profile:the user can assign their device the enterprise profile while working in the office and can later assign the same device the consumer profile while at home giving the end user the equivalent of having two mobile devices in one.James Yen,Senior Director,

194、Head of Network Planning/Integration,Network and Technology Division,FET,says:“The ability to assign UE with multiple profiles takes the potential of 5G to a new level.Service providers now have greater flexibility to create tailored,differentiated service offerings and discover new business models.

195、Read the full case studyFET and Ericsson:a breakthrough in 5G dynamic network slicingThe network slicing trial resulted in One device.Two different profiles.Between work and personal profiles every app stays separate emails,calendar,docs,photos.The two versions never share data,and the IT team can n

196、ever see your personal profile.29A blueprint for intelligent operations fit for the 5G eraThe TM Forum Open Digital Framework(ODF)provides a migration path from legacy IT systems and processes to modular,cloud native software orchestrated using AI.The framework comprises tools,code,knowledge and sta

197、ndards(machine-readable assets,not just documents).It is delivering business value for TM Forum members today,accelerating concept-to-cash,eliminating IT&network costs,and enhancing digital customer experience.Developed by TM Forum member organizations through our Collaboration Community and Catalys

198、t proofs of concept,building on TM Forums established standards,the Open Digital Framework is being used by leading service providers and software companies worldwide.The framework comprises TM Forums Open Digital Architecture(ODA),together with tools,models and data that guide the transformation to

199、 ODA from legacy IT systems and operations.Open Digital Architecture Architecture framework,common language and design principles Open APIs exposing business services Standardized software components Reference implementation and test environmentTransformation Tools Guides to navigate digital transfo

200、rmation Tools to support the migration from legacy architecture to ODAMaturity Tools&Data Maturity models and readiness checks to baseline digital capabilities Data for benchmarking progress and training AIGoals of the Open Digital FrameworkThe aim is to transform business agility(accelerating conce

201、pt-to-cash from 18 months to 18 days),enable simpler IT solutions that are easier and cheaper to deploy,integrate and upgrade,and to establish a standardized software model and market which benefits all parties(service providers,their suppliers and systems integrators).Learn more about member collab

202、orationIf you would like to learn more about the Open Digital Framework,or how to get involved in the TM Forum Collaboration Community,please contact George Glass.tm forum open digital frameworkinform.tmforum.org30inform.tmforum.orgtm forum research reportsknowledgeREPORTdataSPONSORED BY:governancet

203、he growingimportance ofAuthor:Charlotte Patrick,Contributing AnalystEditor:Dawn Bushaus,Managing Editor December 2021 inform.tmforum.orgknowledgeREPORTlessonslearnedon the journeyto cloud nativeAuthor:Mark Newman,Chief AnalystEditors:Dawn Bushaus,Contributing EditorIan Kemp,Managing EditorOctober 20

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206、r:Ian Kemp,Managing Editor January 2022 inform.tmforum.orgNovember 2021|www.tmforum.orgnext generationthe Telefnica wayAuthor:Mark Newman,Chief Analyst,TM ForumEditor:Annie Turner,Contributing Analystsponsored by:with the support of:March 2022|www.tmforum.orgAuthor:Ed Finegold,Contributing AnalystEd

207、itor:Dawn Bushaus,Contributing EditorREPORT COVERCALL TO ACTIONAuthors and editors:xxxxxxknowledgeREPORTSponsored by:for integrationsetting new standardsDIGITAL ECOSYSTEMSImage used on tileReport CoverKey WordsBridging boundaries with common standardsWorking together Handing over common standards to

208、 each otherLogistics chainsCooperationJune 2022|www.tmforum.orgAuthor:Dr.Mark H.Mortensen,Contributing AnalystEditor:Dawn Bushaus,Contributing EditorDIGITAL ECOSYSTEMS setting new standards for integrationsponsored by:August 2022|www.tmforum.orgAuthor:Ed Finegold,Contributing AnalystEditor:Dawn Bush

209、aus,Contributing Editorsponsored by:REPORTSponsored by:Author:Annie TurnerEditor:Dawn BushausISBN:978-1-955998-27-7can telcos the into the future:August 2022|www.tmforum.orgAuthors:Annie Turner,Contributing AnalystDean Ramsay,Principal AnalystEditors:Ian Kemp,Managing Editor Dawn Bushaus,Contributin

210、g EditorEd Finegold,Contributing Analyst,TM ForumIan Kemp,Managing Editor,TM ForumAnnie Turner,Contributing Analyst,TM ForumEditors:Author:Sponsored by:September 2022|www.tmforum.orgAuthor:Ed Finegold,Contributing AnalystEditors:Ian Kemp,Managing EditorAnnie Turner,Contributing Editorsponsored by:Ed

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