1、Study on Strategy to Promote the Utilization of the APEC Trade RepositoryAPEC Market Access GroupMay 2023Study on Strategy to Promote the Utilization of the APEC Trade Repository APEC Market Access Group May 2023 APEC Project:MAG 01 2021T Produced by Lucky Bastanta Tarigan Junior Trade Negotiator Di

2、rectorate of APEC and International Organisation Negotiations Ministry of Trade,Indonesia For Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Secretariat 35 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119616 Tel:(65)68919 600 Fax:(65)68919 690 Email:infoapec.org Website:www.apec.org 2023 APEC Secretariat APEC#223-CT-01.8 3 T

3、able of Contents Table of Contents.3 List of Table.4 List of Figures.4 Executive Summary.5 1.Project Background.5 1.1 Desk Research.6 1.2 Data Collection.6 1.3 Develop Guidelines and Promotional Material References.6 2.Methodology.7 2.1 Desk Research:.7 2.2 Questionnaire Development&Data Collecting.

4、7 2.3 Data Processing.7 2.4 Study Report.7 2.5 Promotion Material Concept.7 2.6 Desk Research-Workflow and expected output.10 3.Findings.11 3.1 Respondent Configuration.11 3.2 Prior activities in promoting APECTR.12 3.3 Obstacles faced in promoting APECTR.13 3.4 Most effective promotion material&cha

5、nnel.14 3.5 Publication method preference.16 3.6 The key audience of APECTR.17 3.7 Most needed information content.17 3.8 Knowledge about APECTR.21 3.9 Awareness of APECTR Promotional Material.22 3.10 Material reference measurement video infographic.24 3.11 Material reference measurement video infog

6、raphic(1).26 3.12 Material reference measurement video infographic(2).28 3.13 Material reference measurement video infographic(3).29 3.14 Preference of video infographic duration.30 3.15 Material reference measurement infographic.31 3.16 Summary&implication.32 4.Recommendation.33 4 4.1 Develop promo

7、tional material guideline.33 4.2 Promotional objectives.34 4.3 Develop infographic.34 4.4 Develop a video infographic.34 References.35 List of Table Table 1 Descriptive question applied in the survey.8 List of Figures Figure 3.1 Respondent Configuration.11 Figure 3.2 Prior activities in promoting AP

8、ECTR.12 Figure 3.3 Prior activities in promoting APECTR.12 Figure 3.4 Obstacles faced in promoting APECTR.13 Figure 3.5 Obstacles faced in promoting APECTR.14 Figure 3.6 Most effective promotion material&channel.14 Figure 3.7 Most effective promotion material&channel.15 Figure 3.8 Publication method

9、 preference.16 Figure 3.9 The key audience of APECTR.17 Figure 3.10 Most needed information content.17 Figure 3.11 Most needed information content.18 Figure 3.12 Most needed information content.19 Figure 3.13 Most needed information content.19 Figure 3.14 Most needed information content.20 Figure 3.

10、15 Knowledge about APECTR.21 Figure 3.16 Knowledge about APECTR.21 Figure 3.17 Awareness of APECTR Promotional Material.22 Figure 3.18 Awareness of APECTR Promotional Material.22 Figure 3.19 Awareness of APECTR Promotional Material.23 Figure 3.20 Awareness of APECTR Promotional Material.24 Figure 3.

11、21 Material reference measurement video infographic.24 Figure 3.22 Material reference measurement video infographic.25 Figure 3.23 Material reference measurement video infographic.26 Figure 3.24 Material reference measurement video infographic(1).26 Figure 3.25 Material reference measurement video i

12、nfographic(1).27 Figure 3.26 Material reference measurement video infographic(2).28 Figure 3.27 Material reference measurement video infographic(2).28 Figure 3.28 Material reference measurement video infographic(3).29 Figure 3.29 Material reference measurement video infographic(3).30 Figure 3.30 Pre

13、ference of video infographic duration.30 Figure 3.31 Material reference measurement infographic.31 5 Study on Strategy to Promote the Utilization of the APEC Trade Repository Executive Summary APEC developed an online platform known as the APEC Trade Repository(APECTR)that contains links to trade an

14、d tariff-related information about APEC Member Economies.However,the APECTR has not been fully utilized by businesses.APECTR utilization is still relatively low,with a total of 19,511 users during the period February 2018-October 2020.The purpose of this study is to identify effective promotional ma

15、terials for APECTR.APEC currently includes 21 Economies as members.16 Economies participated in the survey.Mostly,the survey respondents came from the government,MSMEs,enterprises,and academia.The research uses a quantitative approach,but the respondent can provide suggestions that tend to be in the

16、 qualitative domain.The promotional material survey has four(4)variables that are operationalized with eight(8)indicators(2 indicators for each variable)and the survey will be measured by the Likert 5 scales.Based on this study,it was found that 54.35%of government respondents view organic traffic a

17、s more effective than paid traffic,and 45.65%state conversely.The most important difficulties faced by the government in promoting APECTR are a lack of quality promotional materials and there is no guidance as a parameter to create promotional material.The most effective promotional materials for th

18、e government are infographics and video infographics.Furthermore,Youtube,Instagram,and Facebook are powerful digital platforms for APECTRs promotion.Promotional material content must accommodate important information needs,and facilitate Economies understanding and utilization of the APECTR further.

19、According to this survey,the most needed information content is the simple access to tariff rates,regulations,laws,and all export-import information within APEC Economies and market data/information,trends,technology,exchange,and training.1.Project Background Transparency is essential to build a sta

20、ble business environment.Accurate information regarding various procedures,tariffs,and requirements is very important for every business to market products at a global level.In a business,establishing a stable business environment requires transparency.Furthermore,accurate information regarding vari

21、ous procedures,tariffs,and requirements is very important for every business to market its products globally.Businesses face many challenges in carrying out their activities,especially in finding information from trusted and reliable sources.To support this,APEC developed 2015 an online platform kno

22、wn as the APEC Trade Repository(APECTR)that contains links to trade and tariff-related information for all APEC Member Economies APECTR is a particular platform to support a stable business environment.The APECTR is a useful tool to access trade and tariff-related information on 21 economies.Studies

23、 show that among the reasons businesses,especially micro-,small,and medium-sized enterprises(MSMEs),are often unable to take full advantage of the opportunities of free trade agreements(FTAs)and regional trade agreements is the difficulty in obtaining clear information regarding trade.To support APE

24、Cs efforts to enable businesses to access global and regional markets,integrate MSMEs into global value chains,and overcome trade barriers,the APECTR was developed.APECTR builds on the Tariff and Rules of Origin Site(Web TR),which previously was built and managed by the Ministers Responsible for Tra

25、de(MRT)in June 2010 in Sapporo,Japan.6 APECs online source of members trade and tariff information includes,among others,the following:MFN tariff rates Preferential tariff rates Rules of origin(ROO)on existing RTAs/FTAs Best practices in trade facilitation Domestic trade and customs laws and regulat

26、ions Procedures and documentary requirements for imports and exports Authorized economic operators(AEOs)and information on mutual recognition arrangements(MRAs).List of AEOs(as available)Since its launch in 2015,the APECTR has expanded its information sets:APEC economies timber legality guidance tem

27、plates1 APEC Economies Implementation of Advance Rulings2 APEC Economies Status in Implementing the WTO TFA3 E-commerce-related policies,measures,and approaches4 APEC Economies Implementation Plans for Tariff Reductions on Environmental Goods5 However,with the completeness of the information contain

28、ed in the APECTR,in searching for information,businesses have not fully utilized the APECTR.APECTR utilization is still relatively low,with a total of 19,511 users during the period February 2018-October 2020.Due to many export and import operations,this indicates that not many businesses are famili

29、ar with the APECTR platform.A strategy is needed to promote APECTR more broadly,either through certain platforms or media.However,to achieve this,three fundamental aspects must be addressed first.They are as follows:1.What factors cause the APECTR to be under-utilized?1 Experts Group on Illegal Logg

30、ing and Associated Trade(EGILAT),2019 2 Singapore,2018 2.What promotion material leads to a positive impact/outcome in increasing visitors?3.What channel is deemed relevant in promoting the APECTR?To address these questions,the study uses three(3)phases:1.1 Desk research Desk research is the initial

31、 stage of the entire series of research,intending to analyze various documents,journals,and articles,thereby,producing a quantitative research framework,which will be applied to a questionnaire survey designed for APEC Member Economies and representatives of the public and private sectors,as well as

32、 other relevant stakeholders.Through desk research,it is expected to produce proposed variables and indicators that can be used as research instruments at the questionnaire survey stage.1.2 Data Collection The workflow starts from looking for interesting references on promotional activities from the

33、 organizations best practices,which are more or less relevant to APEC,and then analyzing the keys to their promotion success;Identify relevant research frameworks in various journals and literature that align with the findings in the references;and Propose variables and indicators that have the abil

34、ity to become measuring instruments.Once the variables and indicators have been determined,the questionnaire is circulated to all Economies.Every APEC Member Economy provides inputs based on their opinion or perspectives.The results and findings of the survey will be analyzed and form part of the re

35、commendations to develop strategies and promotion material for the APECTR.1.3 Develop Guidelines and Promotional Material References The guidelines and promotional material will be developed based on the survey stage.It is expected that there will be four(4)promotional 3 Singapore,2018 4 Singapore,2

36、018 5 Market Access Group,2021 7 materials that will be developed,such as a video infographic and an infographic.2.Methodology This study was conducted using a quantitative methodology.The research uses a quantitative approach,but the respondents can provide suggestions that tend to be in the qualit

37、ative domain.With this study,it is hoped that achievements in knowing the Promotion Effectiveness and Promotion of material development are identified.In this study,there are five stages of activities to be carried out:2.1 Desk Research:Find out,update,and explore various insights from the previous

38、study(publication/journal).Collect various promotional materials,such as journals,publications/papers,and videos,from various institutions(which are relevant to APEC)that may set similar objectives,specifically to utilize their website for certain purposes.Information that may be processed and produ

39、ced in research for this study can be found by checking for references in scientific publications and many examples of promotional materials from agencies relevant to APEC.Create any parameters that might be utilized to gauge the subject of the measurement.2.2 Questionnaire Development&Data Collecti

40、ng Develop a tactical,comprehensive,and easy-to-understand questionnaire for respondents.The development of the questionnaire is expected to attract the interest of respondents both in terms of understanding the questionnaire and the ease of respondents in assessing intuitively.Build an attractive o

41、nline questionnaire,with supporting materials,such as image and video references,so that respondents have clear guidelines for providing answers.Ensure quality control of the survey process(relevant answers,consistent,no outliers).Table 1 presents the result of developing the questionnaire.2.3 Data

42、Processing After looking at existing references,and reviewing various existing journals,to accommodate the idea that:Online and offline promotion channels are complementary;Content marketing is a very powerful promotion method,and;Marketing collateral is still very relevant,as long as it is delivere

43、d in a new way.It is proposed to use the concept of promotional material analysis.The promotion analysis survey will focus on measuring the impact of stimuli(the survey will be conducted with promotional material references as tools to assist respondents in rating):What does the audience see?What pe

44、rception will be raised?Does the audience comprehend?What are the attitude tendencies?Execute calculations on all the data obtained from the survey quantitatively.Execute content analysis obtained from the qualitative answer.2.4 Study Report A finding analysis research was conducted after the quanti

45、tative data from the survey findings were processed.Generating practical recommendations on key information contained in a promotion,which aims to increase the utilization of the APECTR.Prepare recommendations(Storyboard&Concept of content and context of promotion material references of the APECTR).

46、2.5 Promotion Material Concept Develop promotion material concept based on the study report,considering some aspects,such as:Improvement-priority analysis based on existing promotion material.APEC Member Economies suggestions.Theme/characteristics of promotion Characteristics of artwork(motion and s

47、till material reference)Create a storyline of promotion(for motion material reference)Several of the questions used in this study Question#1:prior promotion activities Question#1:Are there any prior promotion activities?8 Question aim#1:To identify,whether APECTR has been promoted or not,if yes,what

48、 has been done?Question#2:the obstacles to promoting APECTR Question#2:What are the obstacles to promoting APECTR Question aim#2:To identify,the Economies difficulties in promotion,such as there is no guidance or material that can be used for promotion activity Question#3:material and channel for pr

49、omotion activity Question#3:What are the most effective material and channels for promotion activity Question aim#3:To identify the preferable material(infographic,video graphic,etc)and channel(social media,email,video sharing,etc)by Economies Question#4:information content is most needed Question#4

50、:Who is the key audience and what information content is most needed by them?Question aim#4:To identify,the information needed for every audience thus APECTR can be more utilized(for instance tariff,law,regulation,how to navigate APECTR,etc)Question#5:the source of information Question#5:For non-gov

51、ernment respondents,what do they know about APECTR,and if they know,what is the source of information,including the promotion material?Question aim#5:To identify,whether they are aware or not about APECTR,what is known about APECTR,the channel and promotion material that reaches them.Question#6:the

52、tendency of preferences toward certain promotion material Question#6:How is the tendency of preferences toward certain promotion material(for instance:video infographics and infographics that existed in digital media/internet)Question aim#6:To get perspectives of each Economy,through evaluating/asse

53、ssing some promotion material,thus can be identified the Economies preferences.Also,Economies can provide input based on the material being assessed.Table 1 Descriptive question applied in the survey The promotional material survey has four(4)variables that are operationalized with eight(8)indicator

54、s(2 indicators for each variable).The variables and indicators are:Exposure 1.Promotional materials were visually appealing and grabbed my attention.This indicator explains that respondents will see that promotional material must be visually attractive and can also make respondents interested.2.Prom

55、otional materials have an attractive design,color,and layout.Variables Indicator Exposure 1.Promotional materials were visually appealing and grabbed my attention.2.Promotional materials have an attractive design,color,and layout.Perception 3.The promotional material is interesting 4.The promotional

56、 material is relevant to APECTR Understanding 5.The promotional material leads to curiosity 6.Promotional materials can be understood easily Outcomes 7.I become convinced and will use APECTR if it is promoted in this way 8.Im willing to share this promotional material with friends 9 The promotional

57、material that respondents will see has an attractive design,color,and layout.Perception 3.The promotional material is interesting The promotional material that responders see will increase their curiosity.4.The promotional material is relevant to APECTR The promotional material that respondents see

58、will be relevant to the APECTR or their needs.Understanding 5.The promotional material leads to curiosity The promotional material that responders will see has the potential to attract their interest.6.Promotional materials can be understood easily The promotional material that respondents will see

59、is easily accessible to everyone.Outcomes 7.I become convinced and will use APECTR if it is promoted in this way.When respondents view promotional materials,they perceive that APECTR is useful.8.Im willing to share this promotional material with friends.The response will propose to share promotional

60、 material with his friends when it is interesting and has been provided to him.There are six(6)points that describe the current condition of the APECTR and the initiative to develop a strategy that can increase its utilization and enhance Economies capacities to promote the utilization of the APECTR

61、.APECTR as an online reference tool Promotional materials were visually appealing and grab my attention.Low traffic of APECTR Opportunity to enhance Economies Capacity to promote APECTR APECTR prior promotion activity Increase the number of visitors Develop promotional materials and promotional cont

62、ent There are roles and challenges for APECTR The APECTR has the potential as a communication platform The Internet has radically changed the way organizations interact with the public.Websites provide access to a large audience and have become a key component of an organizations business processes.

63、The web represents the organization,to communicate the culture,values,vision,and services that facilitate the various tasks that stakeholders need to perform.Organizational websites have different goals,designs,and implementations that indicate their focus or priorities.But usually,it will be reflec

64、ted in the content of the organizations website.The APECTR could explore the use of a digital library APECTR has functions such as digital libraries and/or digital catalogs which have the function to connect users to other portals related to(1)Preferential tariff offered,(2)FTAs,and(3)RTAs.It can be

65、 said that the APECTR is a portal that has a very strategic role.Challenges faced by APECTR Even though the role of the APECTR is very crucial,since it can support APECs key priority in advancing regional economic integration by strengthening trade facilitation,transparency,and information dissemina

66、tion,more can be done to make it more visible and useful for businesses.To increase utilization,more businesses should become aware of the APECTR.A paradigm shift is needed,especially if previously(perhaps)APECTR was allowed to grow organically,attracting audiences to access the APECTR could increas

67、e the number of APECTR visitors with the use of relevant promotional materials.Based on the crucial role of the APECTR for APEC Member Economies,businesses,and all stakeholders,there are high expectations to increase visitors by increasing awareness of the 10 APECTR through the preparation of releva

68、nt promotional materials.Therefore,the first step in this whole series of studies is to conduct desk research as a preliminary study.The objective of desk research:Analyzing various documents,journals,articles,etc.which are considered relevant to the objectives of the APECTR study,thus,initial refer

69、ence can be obtained for further discussion.Develop a quantitative research framework,which is then applied to a questionnaire survey of APEC Member Economies,Public,Private,or other stakeholders affiliated with APECTR.Proposed variables and indicators,to identify and measure how appropriate the pro

70、motional materials will be used,in addition,the variables and indicators used can be the right tools to explore input from each respondent.2.6 Desk Research-Workflow and expected output 1.Analysis of references Analyze some organizations best practices in implementing promotions that are assumed rel

71、evant to the APECTR,i.e:The APECTR is an online reference tool for trade and tariff information on APECs 21 Member Economies,Characteristically,the APECTR can evolve as a digital library and/or digital catalog.The APECTR has a very wide and varied stakeholder profile,21 Member Economies and business

72、es from large to MSMEs.Since the APECTR is housed in APEC,typical promotion must be considered,which is more or less different from enterprises such as fast-moving consumer goods(FMCG),Retail,Automotive,etc.,which tend to apply extreme creativity at any given time.There will be a desk research outpu

73、t following the analysis of references 2.Proposed survey framework The survey is the next step in this series of studies,therefore,desk research acts as a preliminary study to obtain:Modified research framework based on trusted journals,thus,relevant to the objective of the APECTR study Determine th

74、e measurement variable Determine the operational variables so that they can be used as indicators in surveys 3.Desk research summary and implication The conclusions presented at the desk research will be limited to the context of the analysis of references In best practices,what kind of promotion co

75、ncept has been proven to be successful in grabbing the audiences attention.Knowing how the relevance of the organization and the promotion concept with APECTR Alternative ideas can be compiled and measured at the survey stage,thus helping APEC Member Economies to provide assessments,input,and recomm

76、endations on the APECTR promotion strategy.11 3.Findings 3.1 Respondent Configuration Type of Institutions all respondents(n=58)Figure 3.1 Respondent Configuration#16 Economies participated in the survey Australia Canada Hong Kong,China Indonesia Japan Malaysia Mexico Papua New Guinea Peru The Phili

77、ppines The Russian Federation Singapore Chinese Taipei Thailand United States of America Viet Nam The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC)is a regional economic forum established in 1989 to leverage the growing interdependence of the Asia-Pacific.APECs 21 members aim to create greater prosperity

78、for the people of the region by promoting balanced,inclusive,sustainable,innovative,and secure growth and by accelerating regional economic integration.APEC has 21 members.The word economies is used to describe APEC members because the APEC cooperative process is predominantly concerned with trade a

79、nd economic issues,with members engaging with one another as economic entities.There are four(4)categories of respondents who will be the target of the survey,including government,MSME,enterprise,and academic.The total number of respondents who participated in this survey is 58 respondents(n=58).Mos

80、t of the respondents that participated in this survey come from the government(79,31%),MSMEs(12,07%),enterprises(6,90%),and academics(1,72%).79.31%12.07%6.90%1.72%GovernmentMSMEEnterpriseAcademic12 3.2 Prior activities in promoting APECTR Base:government respondents Note:the data present in this cha

81、rt is dominated by two to three APEC Member Economies Figure 3.2 Prior activities in promoting APECTR Figure 3.2 shows the prior activities in promoting the APECTR carried out by the government.The aim is to find out how much effort the government has made to promote the APECTR.If the government has

82、 promoted the APECTR,how frequently does the institution carry out promotional activities,and does the government have a specific objective in mind when it does so?In this survey,56,52%of government respondents mentioned that their institutions have never promoted APECTR to the public,while 43,48%of

83、 government respondents mention that their institutions have promoted the APECTR to the public.This value indicates that Economies already have the effort to promote the APECTR.If in the future,there are promotional material concepts that Economies can use,it will help Economies promote the APECTR m

84、ore broadly.Figure 3.3 Prior activities in promoting APECTR 70.00%15.00%15.00%IrregularRegular but dont have certain objectivesRegular and havecertain objectivesHow often does your economy conduct APECTR promotional activities to the public?Gov respondents(n=20),single response Has your institutions

85、 ever promoted APECTR to the public?Gov respondents(n=46),single response Yes;43.48%No;56.52%13 According to Figure 3.3,the frequency of Economies carrying out APECTR promotional activities can be seen from this survey.There are 70,00%out of 20 respondents have promoted the APECTR irregularly.Only 1

86、5%of government respondents have a certain objective when promoting APECTR,i.e the utilization of APECTR and increasing public awareness.3.3 Obstacles faced in promoting the APECTR Base:government respondents Figure 3.4 Obstacles faced in promoting APECTR Figure 3.4 shows that there are several chal

87、lenges faced by the government in promoting the APECTR:Lack of quality promotional materials There is no guidance as a parameter to create promotional material Unaware of APECTRs existence Rarely get information about APECTR(non-regularly)Financial capacity Link/engage APECTR with concerned agencies

88、/institutions Internal(domestic)issues constraint Unclear target audience Not a priority for the agency Among the obstacles identified by the government in promoting APECTR is the lack of quality promotional materials(39,13%).It may be concluded that the APECTR can benefit from the development of ef

89、fective promotional materials further to promote the platforms use to a wider range of stakeholders by the government.39.13%36.96%10.87%6.52%2.17%2.17%2.17%2.17%2.17%Lack of quality promotional materialsThere is no guidance in creating promotional materialsUnaware of APECTR existenceRarely get infor

90、mation about APECTR(non reguraly)Financial capacityLink/engage APECTR with concern agencies/institutionsInternal(domestic)issues constraintUnclear target audienceNot prirority to agencyWhat are the difficulties/obstacles faced in promoting APECTR?Gov respondents(n=46),multiple responses 14 Most effe

91、ctive promotional material Gov respondents(n=46),multiple responses Figure 3.5 Obstacles faced in promoting APECTRAccording to Figure 3.5,there is no guidance as a parameter to create promotional material(36,96%).This is a problem for the government also since it will need to follow certain guidelin

92、es when creating promotional materials to promote the APECTR.Whereas the other reasons with a smaller percentage are unaware of APECTRs existence and rarely get information about APECTR regularly.For governments that promote irregularly and regularly(but do not have a specific objective),lack of qua

93、lity emerged as the primary obstacle.On the other hand,for Economies that regularly promote the APECTR(and have certain objectives),no guidance in creating promotional materials was identified as the primary obstacle.3.4 Most effective promotion material&channel Base:government respondents Figure 3.

94、6 Most effective promotion material&channel 82.61%76.09%26.09%23.91%InfographicVideo infographicAdvertorialCircular letter(formal publication of regulations)Frequencies of promotional activities Obstacles faced by Economies in promoting APECTR Gov respondents(n=20)15 Most effective channel Gov respo

95、ndents(n=46),multiple responses Figure 3.7 Most effective promotion material&channel Based on Figure 3.6 and Figure 3.7,some platforms perform well in promoting content,both online and offline,and the same applies to the APECTR.In this study,there are several ideas for effective promotional material

96、s to promote the APECTR.These are the following:Infographic is a collection of imagery,data visualizations like pie charts and bar graphs,and minimal text that gives an easy-to-understand overview of a topic.Video infographics are a visual representation of data and knowledge in the form of an onlin

97、e video.Advertorials are newspaper or magazine advertisements giving information about a product in the style of an editorial or objective journalistic article.A circular letter(formal publication of regulation)is a written document that is addressed for circulation to a group of people.It is usuall

98、y formal and official.According to the respondents from the government,infographics and video infographics are the most effective promotional materials for promoting the APECTR.This survey finds that infographics are 82.61%of whereas video infographics are 76.09%.Both are in the high-scoring range a

99、nd are highly preferred.Furthermore,several well-known online media,such as YouTube,Instagram,Facebook,Linkedin,Email,Twitter,and print materials(i.e brochures,pamphlets),can be useful channels for promoting the APECTR.The governments preferred option for promoting the APECTR is currently the Youtub

100、e channel(71.74%),followed by Instagram(56.52%),and Facebook(52.17%).However,interestingly,the survey also found that the APECTR website itself is the most decisive aspect to promote the use of the APECTR,with a score of 56.52%which ranks third in the survey.71.74%56.52%56.52%52.17%45.65%41.30%36.96

101、%28.26%Video sharing YoutubeSocial media InstagramWebsite of APECTRSocial media FacebookSocial media LinkedinEmailSocial media-TwitterPrint material(i.e brochure,pamphlet)16 Method to publish APECTR?Gov respondents(n=46),single response 3.5 Publication method preference Base:government respondents F

102、igure 3.8 Publication method preference Organic traffic is purely relying on traffic from the audience and paid traffic is traffic obtained by third-party published ads to generate viewer acceleration.The reason why respondents prefer paid traffic to organic traffic is as follows:Target the desired

103、audience More effective Reach more viewers/users Can be considered also to cooperate with a capable company in a promotional campaign What matters is the final result A useful method to increase awareness significantly The reason why respondents prefer organic traffic to paid traffic is as follows:C

104、ost saving More effective,just create good posters and share them on social media “Real”campaign and reflect the quality of a campaign The organic traffic is the primary initiative and the paid traffic is secondary or optional for supporting Organic would last longer Better purely rely on organic,si

105、nce the APEC audience is quite specific There are 54,35%of government respondents view organic traffic as more effective than paid traffic.Respondents state that the reasons are cost saving(27,78%),believed to be more effective(27,78%),and viewed as a real campaign(16,67%).On the other hand,responde

106、nts believe that the APECTR needs paid traffic to target the desired audience(28,57%).17 What information content is most needed by Businesses?Respondents(n=28),single response Who are the key audiences of APECTR All respondents(n=58),multiple responses 3.6 The key audience of APECTR Base:all respon

107、dents Figure 3.9 The key audience of APECTR There are five(5)categories of respondents targeted for the surveys key audience of the APECTR:Government institution Business MSME Researcher Academia Government institution is the key audience most mentioned by the respondent(75,86%)followed by business(

108、68,79%).In this survey,44,83%of respondents mention MSME as the key audience,followed by Researcher(39,66%)and Academic(29,31%)3.7 Most needed information content Base:respondent by type of institutions Figure 3.10 Most needed information content 75.86%68.97%44.83%39.66%29.31%Gov institutionBusiness

109、MSMEResearcherAcademic60.71%25.00%7.14%3.57%3.57%Simple access to tariff rate,regulation,law,and all export-import information within APEC EconomiesMarket data/information,trend,technology exchange,andtraining.Information on how APECTR useful for audienceHow to use/navigate APECTRInformation on proc

110、urement18 According to Figure 3.10,promotional material requires relevant and useful information to attract the attention of target consumers.This survey includes information on content as well as channel platforms.Businesses identified the following needed content information:Simple access to tarif

111、f rates,regulations,laws,and all export-import information within APEC Economies(60,71%)Market data/information,trends,technology exchange,and training(25,00%)Information on how APECTR is useful for the audience(7,14%)How to use/navigate APECTR(3,57%)Information on procurement(3,57%)Figure 3.11 Most

112、 needed information content According to Figure 3.11,the following content information is what the government is most in need of:Simple access to tariff rates,regulations,laws,and all export-import information within APEC Economies(46,88%)Market data/information,trends,technology exchange,and traini

113、ng(18,75%)Information on how APECTR is useful for the audience(12,50%)Policies that affect the trade flows(12,50%)How to use/navigate APECTR(3,13%)Conract information(3,13%)Customs-related information(3,13%)In this survey,both businesses and governments view simple access to tariff rates,regulations

114、,laws,and all export-import-related information within APEC Economies are the most needed content for the APECTR.Market data is also seen as important information needed by Economies.Another important opinion with a smaller percentage is information on how APECTR is useful for the audience.46.88%18.

115、75%12.50%12.50%3.13%3.13%3.13%Simple access to tariff rate,regulation,law,and allexport-import information within APEC EconomiesMarket data/information,trend,technology exchange,and training.Information on how APECTR useful for audiencePolicies that affect the trade flowsHow to use/navigate APECTRCo

116、ntact informationCustoms related informationWhat information content is most needed by Government?Respondents(n=32),single response 19 Figure 3.12 Most needed information content The government and businesses operate in a similar manner.Both academic institutions and MSMEs have the necessary informa

117、tion material.The information content required by academics are:Information/case about study abroad programs,climate change,&human development(25,00%)Policies that affect the trade flows(25,00%)Statistical data and trends in the utilization of FTAs(12,50%)Tariff,non-tariff measures,&export-import st

118、andard(12,50%)Information on how APECTR is useful for the audience(12,50%)Academic high-level journal(12,50%)Figure 3.13 Most needed information content 25.00%25.00%12.50%12.50%12.50%12.50%Information/case about study abroad program,climatechange,&human developmentPolicies that affect the trade flow

119、sStatistical data and trends in the utilization of FTAsTariff,non-tariff measure,&export-import standardInformation on how APECTR useful for audienceAcademic high level journal58.82%23.53%5.88%5.88%5.88%Simple access to tariff rate,regulation,law,and all export-import information withinAPEC Economie

120、sMarket data/information,trend,technologyexchange,and training.Free trade and foreign currency exchange rateInformation on how APECTR useful foraudienceHow to use/navigate APECTRWhat information content is most needed by Acedemic?Respondents(n=8),single response What information content is most need

121、ed by MSME?Respondents(n=17),single response 20 According to Figure 3.13,the informational materials that MSMEs need are as follows:Simple access to tariff rates,regulations,laws,and all export-import information within APEC Economies(58,82%)Market data/information,trends,technology exchange,and tra

122、ining(23,53%)Free trade and foreign currency exchange rate(5,88%)Information on how APECTR is useful for the audience(5,88%)How to use/navigate APECTR(5,88%)For academics,information about case studies,climate change,and human development is the most important information that could be provided by t

123、he APECTR.Similar to business and government,MSMEs view that simple access to tariff rates,regulations,laws,and all export-import-related information within APEC Economies is the most needed information.Figure 3.14 Most needed information content According to Figure 14,the information content requir

124、ed by the researcher are:Simple access to tariff rates,regulations,laws,and all export-import information within APEC Economies(50,00%)Market data/information,trends,technology exchange,and training(35,71%)Policies that affect the trade flows(7,14%)Information on how APECTR is useful for the audienc

125、e(7,14%)Similar to the views of businesses and governments,researchers have the same opinion that simple access to tariff rates,regulation,law,and all export-import-related information within APEC Economies are the most needed information.Market data is also seen as important information needed by E

126、conomies.50.00%35.71%7.14%7.14%Simple access to tariff rate,regulation,law,and allexport-import related info within APEC MemberMarket data/information,trend,technologyexchange,and training.Policies that affect the trade flowsInformation on how APECTR useful for audienceWhat information content is mo

127、st needed by Researcher?Respondents(n=14),single response 21 3.8 Knowledge about APECTR Base:all respondents except government Figure 3.15 Knowledge about APECTR The survey also included a question on respondents knowledge of the APECTR.This aims to determine respondents knowledge of the APECTR.The

128、question concerns:About facilitating trade and investment,in order to support economic growth(25,00%)The website contains trade repository information from all Economies(16,67%)Economic Cooperation in the Asia Pacific(16,67%)Business matching(8,33%)Did not know about APECTR(33,33%)For respondents th

129、at have knowledge about APECTR,25,00%of respondents state that APECTR is a platform to facilitate trade and investment.Figure 3.16 Knowledge about APECTR 25.00%16.67%16.67%8.33%33.33%About facilitating trade and investment,inorder to support economic growthWebsite which contains trade repositoryinfo

130、rmation from all Economies.Economic Cooperation in Asia PasificBussines matchingDidnt know about APECTR33.33%25.00%25.00%16.67%8.33%8.33%8.33%8.33%Recommendationsfrom colleaguesSocial media FacebookGoverment agencyAPECTR websiteSocial media InstagramSocial media-TwitterVideo sharing YoutubeAdsWhat d

131、o you know about APECTR Respondents(n=12)Source to get information about APECTR Respondents(n=12)22 However,according to Figure 3.16,33.33%of those respondents are unaware of the APECTR.This indicates that not all respondents have received an adequate promotion of the APECTR.The following section di

132、scusses where to find information on the APECTR:Recommendation from colleagues(33,33%)Facebook(25,00%)A government agency(25,00%)APECTR website(16,67%)Instagram(8,33%)Twitter(8,33%)YouTube(8,33%)Ads(8,33%)The sources to get information about APECTR are recommendations from colleagues(33,33%),Faceboo

133、k(25,00%),and government agency(25,00%).3.9 Awareness of APECTR Promotional Material Base:all respondents except government Figure 3.17 Awareness of APECTR Promotional Material According to Figure 3.17,as indicated in the pie chart above,66.67%of respondents are aware of the promotional material of

134、APECTR.In addition,33.33%were not aware of the APECTR promotional materials.Figure 3.18 Awareness of APECTR Promotional Material Yes;66.67%No;33.33%50.00%50.00%12.50%Introducing APECTRHow to utilize APECTRCant remember clearlyAre you aware the APECTR promotional material?Respondents(n=12),single res

135、ponse Content awareness of APECTR promotional material Respondents(n=12),multiple responses 23 In this survey,according to Figure 3.18,if the respondent is aware of APECTR promotional material,then the content awareness of APECTR promotional material needed is:Introducing APECTR(50,00%)How to utiliz

136、e APECTR(50,00%)Can not remember clearly(12,50%)In this survey,66,67%of respondents are aware of APECTR promotional material.The most content aware by the respondents is APECTR introduction(50,00%)and how to utilize APECTR(50,00%).Possibly,there is other promotional content related to APECTR,but res

137、pondents can not remember clearly(12,50%).Figure 3.19 Awareness of APECTR Promotional Material According to Figure 3.19,there were 8 respondents(66,67%)out of 12 respondents who stated that they had noticed APECTR promotional materials.Out of the 8 respondents that are aware of the promotional mater

138、ials for the APECTR,87.50%believe that they have an effect on enticing people to access the APECTR.However,50,00%out of 12 respondents that aware of APECTR promotional material never access the APECTR.24 Figure 3.20 Awareness of APECTR Promotional Material Respondents who said that they have awarene

139、ss of promotional material but have never accessed APECTR state that they are not familiar with the APECTR even though already have some knowledge about the APECTR.However,respondents that do not have awareness but still access the APECTR,cite that the reason they do so is because businesses need in

140、formation related to trade and investment,especially in the APEC region to support daily business.3.10 Material reference measurement video infographic Base:All respondents Figure 3.21 Material reference measurement video infographic 25 According to Figure 3.21,respondents can review three infograph

141、ic video references in this survey and select the one they believe is most attractive by rating it.Video infographic#1 is a 1.36-minute video infographic from APEC with the title“What is APEC”.It was released in 2016 and serves as an introduction.The index rating for this infographic video is 3.80%.

142、Video infographic#2 is an introduction-focused video infographic from ADB with the title Did you know ADB and a 3.21-minute duration.The index score for this video infographic is 4.00%.The last This is OCHA video reference from OCHA,which was released in 2021 and has a 2.24-minute duration,is video

143、infographic#3.For this video infographic,the index score is 3.95%.Based on respondents opinions,among the three examples video infographic above reference video infographic#2 is perceived as most preferable.The measurement is formed by 4 dimensions,as follows:Exposure,Perceptions,Understanding,and O

144、utcomes.Reference video infographic#2 has strength in being visually appealing and grabs the attention in the Exposure Dimension.Based on scaling length,the score of 4,0 is categorized as high.Figure 3.22 Material reference measurement video infographic In this survey,reference#1 and#2 are considere

145、d to have weakness,as follow:Video Infographic#1 Old material/graphical design/the material lacks catchy graphic The frame is too busy Need more attractive The Color combination is too flashy Improve the sound Apply subtitles to material Only contain fair known fact Not clear value proposition 26 Vi

146、deo Infographic#3 The comic is sans animation,and should not be used by serious organizations.The video is too long and too slow,thus hard to grab the attention Better change the character Only apply some color,therefore the design is not so attractive Must improve the color(too neutral)and voice-ov

147、er(too calm),not impressed with the severity A bit too laden with information may discourage users from further exploring On the other hand,reference#2 gets the least negative responses.The style cant sell a message.The animation style is not attractive Too long duration Figure 3.23 Material referen

148、ce measurement video infographic 3.11 Material reference measurement video infographic(1)Base:All respondent Figure 3.24 Material reference measurement video infographic(1)Indicator measurement of video infographic reference(1)Respondents(n=12)27 According to Figure 3.24,in the three video infograph

149、ic references mentioned above,there are 4 variables and 8 indicators that need to be assessed.The first is a video infographic reference(1)with an index score of 3.80%Index score from variable exposure:1.Promotional materials were visually appealing and grabbed my attention.2.Promotional materials h

150、ave an attractive design,color,and layout.Variable perception:3.The promotional material is interesting.4.The promotional material is relevant to APECTR.As observed in the exposure variable,the indicator with the highest score is the aspect that the promotional materials were aesthetically appealing

151、 and managed to capture my attention,scoring 3.95%.With a score of 3.93%,the indicator of the promotional materials relevance to the APECTR gets the highest score out of all the indicators that are dependent on perception,which is variable.Figure 3.25 Material reference measurement video infographic

152、(1)Variable Understanding 5.The promotional material leads to curiosity 6.Promotional materials can be understood easily Variable Outcomes 7.I become convinced and will use APECTR if it is promoted in this way 8.Im willing to share this promotional material with friends As observed in the variable u

153、nderstanding,the indication with the highest score is promotional materials can be understood easily,scoring 3.88%.Despite the outcomes variable,both indicators have the same rating of 3.72%.However,when considered as a whole,the highest score from the Indicator measurement of video infographic refe

154、rence(1)is the promotional material is visually appealing and grabbed the attention(3,95)and is categorized as medium-high.Whereas the lowest score from the Indicator measurement of video infographic reference(1)is the promotional material that leads to curiosity(3,66)and is categorized as medium-hi

155、gh.28 3.12 Material reference measurement video infographic(2)Base:all respondent Figure 3.26 Material reference measurement video infographic(2)Figure 3.27 Material reference measurement video infographic(2)Indicator measurement of video infographic reference(2)Respondents(n=12)29 According to Figu

156、re 3.26 and Figure 3.27,the second is a video infographic reference(2)with an index score of 4,00%Index score from variable exposure:1.Promotional materials were visually appealing and grabbed my attention 4,05%2.Promotional materials have an attractive design,color,and layout 4,02%Variable percepti

157、on:3.The promotional material is interesting 4,00%4.The promotional material is relevant to APECTR 4,05%Variable Understanding 5.The promotional material leads to curiosity 4,02%6.Promotional materials can be understood easily at 4,10%Variable Outcomes 7.I become convinced and will use APECTR if it

158、is promoted in this way 3,84%8.Im willing to share this promotional material with friends 3,91%The highest score is the promotional material is visually appealing and grabbed my attention(4,05)and is categorized as high.The lowest score is I become convinced and certainly accessed the ADB media port

159、al(3,84)which is categorized as medium-high.3.13 Material reference measurement video infographic(3)Base:all respondent Figure 3.28 Material reference measurement video infographic(3)The last is a video infographic reference(3)with an index score of 3,95%Index score from variable exposure:1.Promotio

160、nal materials were visually appealing and grabbed my attention 4,00%2.Promotional materials have an attractive design,color,and layout 3,93%The indicator that has the highest score in the exposure variable is promotional materials were visually appealing and grabbed my attention,with a score of 4.00

161、%.Variable perception:3.The promotional material is interesting 3,95%4.The promotional material is relevant to APECTR 4,09%The indicator that has the highest score in the perception variable is the promotional material that is relevant to APECTR,with a score of 4.09%.Indicator measurement of video i

162、nfographic reference(3)Respondents(n=12)30 Figure 3.29 Material reference measurement video infographic(3)Variable Understanding 5.The promotional material leads to curiosity at 3,86%6.Promotional materials can be understood easily at 4,00%The indicator that has the highest score in the understandin

163、g variable is promotional materials can be understood easily,with a score of 4.00%Variable Outcomes 7.I become convinced and will use APECTR if it is promoted in this way 3,84%8.I am willing to share this promotional material with friends at 3,90%The indicator that has the highest score in the outco

164、mes variable is“I am willing to share this promotional material with friends”,with a score of 3,90%However,when considered as a whole,the highest score is the promotional material if the promotional material is relevant to OCHA(4,09)and is categorized as high.The lowest score is I become convinced a

165、nd certainly access OCHA media portal(3,84)which is categorized as medium-high.3.14 Preference of video infographic duration Base:all respondents except government Figure 3.30 Preference of video infographic duration37.93%27.59%25.86%3.45%3.45%1.72%Up to 2 minUp to 3 minUp to 1 minUp to 4 minDepend

166、on the contentUp to 2,5 minPreference of video infographic duration Respondents(n=58)31 Is it important to know how long the video will be made?In reality,the purpose of short films on social networking sites is to grab viewers attention.Audiences stop to take a look as they move through,much like i

167、n a physical store,but online.In this survey,several video duration preferences are chosen by respondents.Which video duration preference is appropriate in making a promotional video infographic material,including:Up to 2 min(37,4%)Up to 3 min(27,59%)Up to 1 min(25,59%)Up to 4 min(3,45%)Depend on th

168、e content(3,45%)Up to 2,5 min(1,72%)Most respondents(37,93%)considered the video infographic material should last up to two(2)minutes.There are several distractions and a limited range of tension for the audience.Depending on the audience,context,and type of material,the appropriate duration will va

169、ry.The presentation of the APECTR is perceived as being concise in its 1-3 minutes.3.15 Material reference measurement infographic Base:all respondent Figure 3.31 Material reference measurement infographic 32 According to Figure 3.31,the following 5 infographics were utilized as references for this

170、study.Reference infographics 1 and 2 are infographics from the ADB,with each infographic receiving an index score of 15.5%for reference infographic 1 and 8.6%for reference infographic 2.The following infographic references 4 and 5 are both from ASEAN,with infographic 4 receiving an index score of 41

171、.4%and infographic 5 receiving a score of 50.0%.The reference infographic 5 with an index score of 17.2%,comes from the OECD infographic.Based on respondents opinions,reference#4 is perceived as most preferable to others.The strengths aspects of reference#4 are:Easy on eye/readable Fascinating graph

172、ical(design and color)Brief and straightforward Clear storyline Not too wordy Well organized content 3.16 Summary&implication Findings#1 There are 43,48%of government respondents ever promoted APECTR to the public.Only 15%of government respondents have a certain objective when promoting APECTR,i.e.t

173、he utilization of APECTR and increasing public awareness.Implication#1 This value indicates that Economies already have the effort to promote the APECTR.If in the future,there are promotional material concepts that Economies can use,it will help Economies promote APECTR.Findings#2 The most difficult

174、ies faced by the government in promoting APECTR are:Lack of quality promotional materials(39,13%)There is no guidance as a parameter to create promotional material(36,96%).Unaware of APECTR existence(10,78%)and rarely get information about APECTR regularly(6,52%)Implication#2 If any promotional mate

175、rials can be used,it will be very helpful for Economies to promote APECTR.Expectedly,the promotion material should have quality and guidance to promote the APECTR.The guidance will be useful as the parameter for economies in case APEC member economies intend to develop their promotional material.Fin

176、dings#3 Both infographics and video infographics are viewed as the most effective promotional material by the government.Implication#3 Infographics and video infographics are still seen as effective materials for communicating the APECTR.Moreover,economies have the opinion that advertorial and circu

177、lar letters should be the supporting material,instead of primary material to promote the APECTR.Findings#4 Video sharing and social media are a must,but the website has its role.Implication#4 YouTube is a digital channel that is currently irreplaceable.Instagram and Facebook should be utilized optim

178、ally to communicate the APECTR.However,the challenge is translating when the audiences interest in the promotional materials is conveyed to actual visits(use,access)of the APECTR.Perhaps,further efforts are needed to improve important aspects of the APECTR website,not only related to contents,but al

179、so related to aesthetics(color,layout,and design)and ease of use(navigation,menus,and responsiveness).Findings#5 There 54,35%of government respondents view organic traffic as more effective than paid traffic and 45,65%state conversely.33 Implication#5 Organic traffic is useful as a first step.Paid t

180、raffic can become an option(i.e.,boosting posts through Facebook or Instagram Ads)or in other words,Paid traffic can be used occasionally as a supporting step.While the goal of organic and paid traffic is the same,there is a time and place for both organic and paid.To create awareness rapidly and ta

181、rget a specific characteristic of audiences,paid traffic should be considered.Promoters can adjust several items such as the amount of the ads daily budget,the characteristics of the audience targeted,and the duration of the campaign.Findings#6 The most needed information content:Simple access to ta

182、riff rates,regulations,laws,and all export-import information within APEC Economies Market data/information,trends,technology,exchange,and training Implication#6 Promotional material content must accommodate important information needs and can facilitate Economies to understand and utilize the APECT

183、R further.Develop the infographic and video infographic that contains information,as follows:Tariff,rate,regulation Most typically market data needed to be related to trade Steps to utilize the APECTR Findings#7 Preference for video infographic#2(Asian Development Bank video infographic)Implication#

184、7 Reference#2 seems to be relatively preferred,thereby the promotional materials will be developed will refer to some important things in reference#2,for instance:Visual characteristics(related to design,color,and layout)The storytelling concept used(related to how to narrate various information con

185、tent that needs to be conveyed to respondents).Animated characters are used(related to symbols,figures,and other visual assets).Duration,as this study has revealed that 1-3 minutes is perceived concisely to present APECTR.Findings#8 Preference for infographic#4(ASEAN infographic)Implication#8 For th

186、e infographic,reference#5 seems to be relatively preferred.Thereby,the infographic material will be developed refer to infographic#4,some aspects that must be considered are:Ease to read(brief and emphasize the keyword)Minimalist graphical concept(symbol,design,and color)Schematic(reduce words and a

187、dd with number/score/percentage/etc.)4.Recommendation The most important part of this study is to provide a strategy for promotional materials that can be used as a reference for economies when compiling their respective promotional materials.However,several crucial aspects must also be considered w

188、hich serve as guidelines in preparing promotional materials.4.1 Develop promotional material guideline The development of promotional materials is created to increase the effectiveness,efficiency,and accuracy of promotional activities.For the promotional materials created to achieve the specified go

189、als,a guide is required.Once creating promotional materials,it is necessary to have guidelines in building promotional materials,starting from determining objectives,determining focus on several relevant themes,and emphasizing some information content that is most needed by the audience.Then,use inf

190、ographics and video infographics as relevant materials.Depending on the requirements of the advertising platform,one of the two promotional mediums may be used.Infographic media is the distribution of information utilizing animated graphics to 34 represent information and text that explains the mean

191、ing of the image and the information to be given to the audience.This infographic does a great job of effectively presenting organized information.However,infographic media must be extremely compact if the information to be communicated is exceedingly complicated.Video infographics media provides be

192、nefits in the presentation of moving visuals as well as the narrators voice,which integrates effectively with the presented images.Ensure that the audience receives comprehensive and organized information through the use of video infographics.On the other side,the length of the promotional video is

193、a problem for video infographics media.A few people are watching video infographics all the whole through,so they must be concise and contain merely the most important information.4.2 Promotional objectives Promotional objectives are the goals that an institution is trying to achieve through its pro

194、motional activities.Based on this study,it was revealed that only a few economies had certain objectives when developing APECTR promotional materials,even though most of the economies had promoted APECTR.To create promotional materials,two things can be utilized as references:1.Focus on two(2)themes

195、 Promotional material objectives can be determined based on two(2)important objectives:-Introducing APECTR.-Utilizing APECTR These objectives may be delivered in several serial publications within a certain period.It would be more interesting to apply a continuous storyline,by depicting trade cases

196、in each economy which are published in turn.2.Emphasize two(2)contents Emphasize the promotional material on two(2)contents Information about tariff rates,regulations,laws,and all export-import information within APEC Economies How to utilize the APECTR Publish the promotion material with Infographi

197、c and Video infographic.Infographics are effective because they combine the written word with visual elements to pack big ideas into a compact space.Attractively presenting information encourages visitors to come to the APECTR.Video infographics add movement to complex information and ideas.Movement

198、 in infographics will bring the story to life,capture emotion,and arouse curiosity.It can be concluded from this study,that attractive promotional material according to respondents must-have elements can increase the interest of the audience.4.3 Develop infographic Based on this study,the majority o

199、f respondents opine that an attractive infographic at least considers elements of:Easy on eye/readable Fascinating graphical(design and color)Brief and straightforward Clear storyline Not too wordy,and;Well-organized content 4.4 Develop a video infographic Based on this study revealed that video inf

200、ographic is considered effective material for promoting APECTR Video infographics are not only relevant to be published through social media but can also be used as YouTube content.Video infographics should be used with a 1-3 minute duration,3 minutes duration can be used for YouTube content,and a 1

201、-minute duration can be used for Instagram content.Some of the important points to consider in producing a video infographic are.Apply update/new graphic design(include character/asset).Apply clear voice-over.Apply music/sound background to increase experience.Decent audio quality.Frames dont be too

202、 busy but dont be too slow.35 References Engel,J.F.,Blackwell,R.D.,&Miniard,P.W(2005).Engel-Blackwell-Miniar Model of Consumer Behavior https:/tr.apec.org/https:/www.apec.org/Video infographic https:/youtu.be/Jspbi3baFT8 https:/youtu.be/uJmxEN5fMnA https:/youtu.be/6n_veh46IiM Infographic https:/ htt

203、ps:/ https:/mir-s3-cdn- https:/www.share-asean.eu/sites/default/files/SHARE%20-%20Grand%20Infographic%202020.pdf https:/www.share-asean.eu/sites/default/files/Infographic%20Student%20Mobility_Apr%202019.pdf https:/www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/9789264287648-5-en/images/images/9789264287648-en/media/image3.png https:/www.oecd.org/media/oecdorg/directorates/developmentco-operationdirectoratedcd-dac/DCR2016fullsizeinfographic%20eng.jpg